mM&i^Mm&m^MM^^MMM^MMM 




11 



2^:,v..--. 







/I 






i Ui^ 




A HISTORY 

OF 

phil.ai>i:l.phia, 

WITH A NOTICE OF VILLAGES, 

IN THE VICINITY, 

EMBELLISHED WITH ENGRAVINGS. 
DESIGNED AS A GUIDE TO CITIZENS AND STRANGERS, 

CONTAINING A COBBECT ACCOUNT 

OF THE 









Up to the Tear 1§39; 






TBCDB STATDB GDP SOeXDeTT-, 

IN RELATION TO 

Science, Ueligion, anb iltovals; 

WITH 
OF THE 

MILITARY OPERATIONS 

OF THE liATE TTAR, 

INCLUDING THE .NAMES OF OVER TWO THIOISAND PATRIOTIC OFFICERS, AND 

CITIZEN SOLDIERS, WHO VOLUNTEERED THEIR SERVICES IN DEFENCE 

OF THIS CITY, WHEN THREATENED BY AN HOSTILE ARMY. 

lo 1813,-13, & 14: 



m 



f'=:,: 



'V- '- 



Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1839, by 
Daniel Bowen, in the ClerTc's Office of the District Court of the United 
States, of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. 




0° The publisher begs leave to state, that the printing of this work 
has been accomplished by himself, with his own hands, through the 
instrumentality of the kind offer of Mr. Young, who, though to liim an 
entire stranger, generously volunteered for that purpose, the use of the 
Types, Presses, and Ornaments in his establishment, No. 3 Black Horse 
Alley, without any charge; and from the very extensive collection of 
materials for Ornamental Job Printing which the Office contains, the 
work has far exceeded, in number of pages, the first calculation. 



CONTENTS. 



Page. 

Admiral Cockburn, 12 

American Philosophical Society. . 56 

Athenaeum, 182 

Alarms of Fire, 73 

Artillery, 24 48 

Advance Light Prigfadc, 27 

American Sunday School Union,. Ill 

Apprentices' Library, 119 

Ainerican Home Missions, 131 

American Bible Society, 1.50 

Arcade, 157 

Athenian Institute, 175 

Anecdote of Gen, Washington,. . . 167 

Brigade Staff, 27 

Bartram's Garden, 10 

Blockley Alms' House, . . . . 10 

Bank of the United States, ... 62 

Babylon, Ancient, 5 

Bishop of London, 4 

Black Hawk's Speech, .... 92 

Bank of the United States, 62 

Bank of Pennsylvania, 65 

Bank of North America, 67 

Bank of Northern Liberties, 68 

Bank of Penn Township, 69 

Bank Capital, 70 

Black Hawk 90 

Book Binding, 124 

Bridges, 1 65 

Burlington, and Vicinity, 185 

Book-Selling, 126 

Cholera Hospitals, 135 

Charters of 1701 5 

Christiana, 4 

Committee of Defence, .... 26 

Colony of Swedes, 3 

Colony of WiUiam Penn, 4 

Col. Clcmsen, 23 

Camp Brandy-wine, 23 

Camp Dupont, 23 

Captain Prevost, 23 29 

Colonel Irvine, 23 

Colonel Raguet, 24 

Cavalry, 28 48 

College of Physicians, 61 

Commercial Bank, 68 

City Clock, 72 

Continental Congress, 72 

County Court House, 74 



Page. 

Council Chambers, 74 

(Coinage of the Mint, 78 

City Government, 115 

City Pohce, IIG 

Capitol at Washington, 125 

('ommodore Stewart, 142 

Chamber of Commerce, 1 43 

C'onstruction of Steam Boats, 144 

City Commissioners, 145 

Chemicals, 145 

College of Pharmacy, 146 

Christs Church, 148 

Colonel Rush, 14 

Camp Meetings, 160 

Christmas and New Years, 164 

City Missionary Society, 173 

Columbia Rail Road, 18!) 

Chinese Pagoda, 83 

Constitutional Celebration, 193 

City Expenditures, 194 

Centennial Celebration, 195 

Conclusion, 199 

Churches, 197 

Coh Biddle, 26 

Captain Swift, 39 

Doctor Jackson, 137 

Dutch Trading House, 3 

Duke of York, 4 

Declaration of Independence, .... 72 

Deaf and Dumb Asylum, 75 

Daily Newspapers, 127 

Dorcas Societies, 153 

Delaware Avenue, 9 

Draw Bridge, 9 

Dwelling Houses «fe Stores, 11 

Donations to the Poor, 178 

Dunn's Cliinese Collection 82 

Dispensatories, 185 

Doctor Franklin, 180 

Doctor Rush, . 180 

Elm Tree, 7 

Exchange, Walk, -. 9 

Engine and Hose Companies, 162 

Engraving, on Wood, 186 

Ecclesiastical Directory, 198 

Epidemic Cholera, 135 

Field and Staff of 1st. Detaclinicnt, 19 
First City Troop, Capt. Ross,. .25 28 



CONTENTS. 



Page. 
Franklin Fl3-ing- Artillery,. ..... 27 

First Kegirnciii of Volunteers,. . . 29 
Field & Staff, of 1st. Regiment, 29 
First Company of Artillerists,. ... 30 

Frankford Volunteers, 33 

First Reg. Volunteer Infantry, 36 

First eom . Independent Volunteers, 36 
First com. Wasliington Guards,. . . 37 
First Company Union Guards, .... 42 
Field & Staff of First Regiment. 36 

Fort Crispin, 46 

Farmers' & Mechanic's Bank,. .. 67 

Fairmount Water Works, 97 

Female Domestic Missions, 131 

First Campaign, 13 

Fire Association, 164 

Firemen's Procession, 163 

Fund for Disabled Fire-men, 1 63 

Free Bridge, 167 

Franklin Legacy, = 174 

Franklin Institute, 176 

Franklin Square, 187 

Franklin Debating Society, 198 

Farewell, of the Author, 200 

Frankford, 183 

First Plan of the City, 5 

Fruits, 190 

General Jackson, ...... 92 

General Ross, 12 

General Bloomficld, 22 

General Gaine.'', 23 

General Warrall, 26 

Girard College, • . . . . 57 

Giraffe, 79 

Gun Boat Flotilla, 15 

Gallant Mr. Sliead, 16 

Ground Plan of Laurel Hill, 169 

Germantown, 183 

General La Faycttes' Visit, 86 

Girard Bank, 67 

General Cadwalader, 26 27 

Hall of Independence, .... 87 

Historical Summary, 3 

High School, 52 

Horticulture, 80 

Highficld Cocoonery, 183 

House of Rcfnge, 188 

Horticultural Exhibitions,. ....... 81 

Houses of Public Worship, 197 

Hostile Attack, on tlie Delaware, 15 
High Constables, 115 

Independent Blues, 17 

Independent Volunteers, 2d com... 20 

Indians, 4 

Indian Chiefs, 6 



Page. 

Infantry, 24 48 

Independence Square, 74 

Infant School Society, 156 

Infirmary for Hernia, 156 

Illumination of the City, 87 

Insane Hospital, 88 

Improvements, Loans, &c 195 

Judge Peters, 87 

Junior Artillerists, 18 

Jefferson Medical College, 55 

John Bleakley,, 179 

Kensington Bank, 69 

Kirkpatrick, Mrs 179 

Rennet's Square, 22 23 

Law Reports, 122 

Lieut. John C. Montgomery, . . 40 
Longitude and Latitude, .... 7 

Lord Delaware, 3 

League of Peace, 6 

Letter of WILLIAM PENN,. ... G 

Location of Philadelphia, 7 

Linnaean Society, 62 

Lithography, 100 

Launch of the Great Ship, 138 

Length of Squares, 9 

Loganian Library, 178 

Late Henry Pratt, 179 

Locomotive Engines, 192 

Laurel Hill Cemetery, 170 

Matthew Carey, , . ; . . . 122 
Mr. Humphreys, , • . ... 140 
Martin Sloop of War, .... 15 
Methodist Book-Store, . . . .161 

Mount Bull, 23 

Markham, 4 

Military Force, in 1839, 47 

Medical School, 54 

Medical Society, 61 

Mechanics' Bank 67 

Manufactures & Mechanics' Bk.. 68 

Moyamensing Bank, 68 

Mayors' Office, 74 

Monument Cemetery,. . . .■ 102 

Mr. Latrobe, 96 

Magdalen Society, 130 

Manaj'unk Village, 133 

Manufacture of Silk, 147 

Mantua Village, 10 

Military Operations, 12 

Missionary Efforts, 1 7.3 

Moyamensing Prison, 180 

Market Houses, 189 

Market Days, 190 

Merchants' Exchange, 81 



CONTENTS. 



Page 
Master Molicre, 16 

Niffht Watch, 116 

Northern Liberties 8 

Nurseries, 80 

Names of Engines & Hose, . '164 
Nutlian Dunn, ...._.,. 82 
Northern Liberty Artillerists, . 32 

Old Oak arm-chair of Wm. Penn, 5 

Oak Hill, 15 

Officers of the City and County, . 115 

Offices of the Courts, 73 

Ornainental Printing-, 123 

Oratorios, Concerts, &c 154 

Overseers of the Poor, . . . . ITf) 
Old Bank of the U. States, . . 65 

Printz, 3 

Philip Physic, 184 

Preface, 1 

Pennsbury Manor, 5 

Pliiladclpliia Blues, 1st. Company, 19 
Peace, of Ghent, ...... 26 

Public Schools, 50 

Primary Schools, 51 

Private Schools, 53 

Phrenology, 93 94 

Printers, Printing, &c 121 

Public Press 127 

Periodicals, 127 

Pennsylvania Literary Institute, . 132 
Philadeljjhia Navy Yard, . . . 141 
Pilots, of the Delaware, . . .145 
Pharmacy, Medicine, &ic. . . . 145 

Pigments, Colors, &.c 146 

Punishments, 180 

Philadelphia Library, .... 177 
Philadelphia Institute, .... 175 

Public Sfjuares, 186 

Ponn Sepiare, 187 

Provisions, 190 

Pennsylvania Hospital, .... 88 
Philadelpliia Museum, .... 196 
Philadelphia Post Office, ... 99 

Pemi To\vnshi|), 8 

Public Baths 155 

Principal Hotels, 156 

Paul Beck, Esquire, 175 

Queen Christiana, 3 

Rev. Dr. Hurley, 136 

Rittenhouse Square, 187 

Rail Roads, 191 

Ricket's Benefit to the Poor, . 178 
Rides, for health and pleasure, . 10 
Remarkable Inscription, ... 73 



Page. 
Regulations of the State House Bell, 73 

Stuyvezant, 3 

Sir John Beresford, 12 

Second Campaign, 22 

Statue of William Pcnn, ... 88 

Sandy Beach, 5 

Substratum of Philadelphia, . . 7 

ScliuylkiU Bank, 67 

Stephen (iirard, 9 179 

Second Troop City Cavalry, . . 29 
Second Company Artillerists, . . 31 
Second Comp. Indept. Artillerists. 35 

State Fencibles, 38 

Second Co. Washington's Guards, . 39 
Second. Com. of Union Guards, . 43 

State Guards, . ' 44 

State Bank of Camden, .... 69 

State House, 71 

Stereotyping, 124 

Society of Artists, 62 

Samuel Breck, Esquire, .... 182 

Sou]) Houses, 179 

St. John's Church, 184 

Soutliwark Institute, 198 

Soutlnvark Library, 198 

Soutliwark, 8 

Streets, 8 

Second Campaign, 22 

Swedes, 3 

Steam Boat Landing, . . . .137 

Sisters of Charity, 137 

Sliip-Buildiiig, . . . • . . . 143 
Surgical Instruments, .... 146 
Sacred Music Society, . . . . 153 
Society of Methodists, . . . . 159 

Sunday Schools, 160 

Society of Friends, 157 

State House Bell, 73 

Temperance Improvement, . .117 
Typographical Society, .... 126 
Touis around the City, . . . . 10 

Tlie Coulin, 168 

Tract Societies, 132 

Tinicum, 3 

Troops, at Marcus Hook, ... 26 

I'nequal result of Battle, . . . 16 

United States' Bank, 62 

University of Pennsylvania, . . 53 

United States' Mint, 77 

United States' Naval Asylum, . . 129 

Videttes, 23 25 

Vegetables, 190 

Visiters of Piiiladelphia. .... 89 
Value of City Property, ... 194 



CONTENTS. 



Page. 

Washington, 89 195 

WILLIAM PENN, 4 

Wards of the City, .... 8 

Washington's Guards, 3d. Comp. 21 

Western Bank, 68 

Water Works, 95 

Wardens of the Port, .... 145 

Width of Streets, 9 

Weekly News Papers, . , . .128 
Wealth and Liberality, .... 1 74 
Washington House, 177 



Page. 
William Ijeluuan, deceased, . . 182 

Washington Square, 186 

William Penn Market, .... 190 
William Swaim, Esq. 155, 175, 177 
Washington Monument, . . .187 
WAR, of 1812—13—14, ... 12 

Young Men's Association, . . . 193 

Zoological Institute, (N. History) 78 




PREFACE. 



The gradual chanties which time makes, in men and things, 
are scarcely perceptible, to those who are present, and observe 
them, as they take place. It is he only, who has been many 
years absent, and returns, that perceives the extent of these 
changes. The parent, who is constantly with his children, sees 
them gradually pass, from infancy to childhood, from childhood 
to youth, and from youth to manhood, without beino- stiuck with 
these changes ; but let the same parent, leave his little ilock, in 
their tender years, and return not, 'till some one of his family, 
has become engaged in the active scenes of life, and he will scarce- 
ly credit his e5^es, or recognize in them, the little prattling things 
he left, and whose images, he has ever cherished, in his inmost 
heart. A strange feeling will come over him — a feeling of aston- 
ishment, compounded with pride and admiration. 

So, when one leaves a city or town, and returns after many 
years, expecting to find, old familiar things, and well-known 
faces to welcome him, he sees nothing, but the marks of 
time, and the progress of improvement ! IIow sad, at first, are 
the feelings which overpower him : He finds himself a stranger, 
where he thought to have been welcomed, as a friend ; — He seeks 
a familiar house, — it is gone ! He endeavors to find the wcll- 
remcmbered play-ground, or favorite shady walk — it is no where 
to be seen, but where it was, ?ww stand blocks of elegant dwel- 
ling houses, or perhaps, splendid j>ubiic buildings. — The hallow- 
ed spot is no more. The old oak tree has not been spared ; that 
venerable tree, which had long resisted the winds and storms, and 
stood in its pride, has fallen, before the mighty march of improve- 
menl ! It has gone, and where it once spread out its umbrageous 
arms, has been reared, an object of less noble aspect. 

The publisher of this little volume, formerly resided in this 

A 



city, when Ninth Street was considered, " quite out of town."— ^ 
He left it and returned again, after an absence, of nearly fifty 
years. It may easily be supposed, that the alterations and improve- 
ments here, that were made during that time, and the general 
chanjrc which had taken place, must have impressed him forcibly, 
on his return. He no doubt, saw these changes, with more vividness 
than he would have done, had he remained here, the whole time. 

He has occupied some of his leisure hours, (with the aid of a 
few friends) in noting them. 

It will be perceived, that his attention, has not been confined, 
(exclusively) to changes, but to improvements, of a Moral, 
Religious, and Philanthropic character : — And he will feel satis- 
fied, if his labors shall afford his readers, the same degree of grati- 
fication, that he feels, in contrasting the present condition of 
many things, with the actual appearances of their former 
state, the remembrance of which, is mostly fresh in his mind, all 
of which, he respectfully presents, to his friends and the public. 

D. B. 

PhVadelphia, May, 1839. 



A BRIEF HISTORY OF PHILADELPHIA. 



The commercial spirit, aroused in England, by Sir Walter 
Raleigh, resulted in the discovery of the lliver Delaware. The 
first Colony embarked, under a grant, from the English crown, 
restrictin;j; the settlenicnl, on the North, to the 4 1st degree of 
latitude : A second Colony was liiiiiled, to between the 38th 
and 45th degrees, of North latitude, under the name ofS(juth 
Virginia Company. In 1610, Henry Hudson, coasted along the 
(then) Newfoundland, and anchored off the Delaware. In 1(510, 
Thomas "NV^est, (Lord Delaware) Governor of the South Vir- 
ginia Company, falling a little North of his destined naviga- 
tion, discovered our spacious Bay, and named it after himself. 

The Dutch Company purchased the right of Hudson's discovery, 
and established a trading company, in IG'21 :— They took pos- 
session of the Delaware, in 10'23, and named it Zuydt River ; at 
that period, they built Fort Nassau, near Gloucester Point, in 
New Jersey. 

In 1627, the first Colony of Swedes arrived ; their object was 
commercial, and embraced some of the first people of Sweden. In 
1630, the Dutch extended their settlements on the West shore 
of the Delaware. In 1631, the Swedes built a Fort on Manguas 
Creek, and named it after their Monarch Christiana ; They final- 
ly fixed their Head Quarters, at Fort Gottenburg, on Tinicum 

Island. A Christian Church was erected in Sept. 4th, 1616 ; 

They had several settlements at that time, on both sides of the 
River, above this location, and their first Governor, until 1654, 
was John Printz. 

About 1642, disputes occurred, between the Dutch and Swe- 
dish settlers, which seem not to have been disregarded by their 
European friends, as a Treaty made at Stockholm, does not allude 
to the difficulties of the Colonists of the parties, to the Treaty. 

In 1651, the Dutch erected a trading house, on the present 
site of New Castle. Printz, the Governor of Tinicum, formally 
protested against the encroachment, and his successor came be- 
fore the Fortress, with a salute, landed as a friend, and seeing 
the weakness of the Fort, seized upon it, and compelled some of 
the people to swear allegiance to his Queen. In 1655, Governor 
Stuyvezant, with 6 or 7 vessels of war, arrived in the Delaware : 
Suen Scutz surrendered, without a contest, Sept. 16th : The 



25th of the same month, Christiana, under the command of Ri- 
singh, the Swedish Governor, surrendered ; and jfinally. Fort 
Gottenburg was given up, and razed. From this time, the Dutch 
were masters of the whole Western Shore of the Delaware, and 
many titles of property to this day, may be traced to the Deeds 
of the New Amsterdam Company. In 1G64, Charles II. gave 
a large tract of land, to the Duke of York, his brother, 
known as the New Netherlands ; and having dispatched Admiral 
Nicholis, for the purpose, took possession of New Castle, on the 
firstof October : This gentleman continued Governor, until 1688. 

In 1G72, war occurring between the Dutch and English, from 
treachery, an English expedition, against New Amsterdam, fail- 
ed : — The people on Delaware, again changed Masters, and sent 
Deputies to New Amsterdam, declaring their submission ; but in 
a few months, in consequence of a Treaty between England and 
the States General, they were restored to the English. From 
this time the political condition of the Colonial settlment became 
established. The father of William Penn, was an Admiral, under 
the Duke of York, and distinguished himself, in an action, with 
the Dutch, for which services, and for loans to his Sovereign, his 
son was, on petition granted by Charles II. under the great 
seal of England, on the Ith of March, 1681, the (at present) 
great State of Pennsylvania : — 

In the ]\Tay following, William Penn sent out Markham, to 
provide for the contemplated Colony. 

In 1682, having obtained a grant, of the State of Delaware, 
from the Duke of York, he embarked for this country, and land- 
ed at New Castle on the 24th of October ; all welcomed his ar- 
rival ; and the Dutch and the Swedes, pronounced it to be, the 
best day, they had ever seen. On the 4th of December, he call- 
ed an Assembly, at Upland (now Chester.) Liberty of conscience 
was placed first, on the list of Rights. The title of William Penn, 
was universally considered as valid ; he still, made it more firm, 
by actual purchases, from the Indians ; a step that he was advised 
to pursue, by the Bishop of London; the Indians, on the occasion, 
agreeing " to live in love, as long as the sun gave light /" 

On the arrival of William Penn, the present site of this City, 
was in possession of the Swedes : but land, in the vicinity, being 
offered, it was accepted by them. The endeavors of Penn, were 
generally crowned with success. The natives granted him every 
assistance, and the Swedes lent him the aid, his necessities re- 
quired. 

The Colony of Penn having in view, the establishment of a set- 



tlement, wliere the right, peaceably, to worship the Supreme Be- 
in<r, was to be the fundamental law, and resembling (in many 
particulars) the celebrated Colony, which, after a long residence, 
in Lcydcn, crossed the Atlantic., and finally settled themselves 
at Plymouth, many years before his time. — It may be remark- 
ed that the flourishing (after) condition of these settlements, may 
well be supposed to indicate the ruling hand of Omnipotent Power. 

Every thing, in the early History of Philadelphia indicates the 
Religious iMind, of (its Founder) "William Penn : Its Name, was 
derived, from a celebrated City, in Asia-Minor, alluded to, in 
the New Testament, which, withstood a terrible seige, in the 
time of the Crusades, of six years, before yielding to the Turkish 
arms : Its plan was suggested, by the form of the celebrated 
Chaldean Capitol, Babylon ; and in its earliest plans, was, in 
size, to have approached that splendid Monument of National 
Grandeur, so often alluded to, in Sacred History. 

The early plan was however, found to be too large, and the 
limits of the contemplated City, were finally reduced, to about 
one-fourth of the original. The Charter of 1701, defining the 
bounds, to the River Delaware, and Schuylkill, and Vine and 
Ce<lar Streets. 

The First house was erected, on the East side of Front Street, 
North of Dock Street, which, at that time, was an Inlet, and 
landing place, known as '■ Sandy Reach :" This house was, for 
a long lime, occupied as a place, of public entertainment. 

William Penn's country residence, was erected at Pennsbury 
Manor, above Bristol, the frame of which, was sent out from 
England ; — it contained a large Hall of Audience, for the recep- 
tion of the Sovereigns of the soil, with whom, he made no less 
than H) Treaties. The Oak arm-chair of (th Proprietor) Wil- 
liam Penn, is 7ioiv, in the Pennsylvania Hospital. 

Tiie Moral and Religious character of the Founder of Pennsyl- 
vania, if they were not eminently set forth, by his Moral and 
Theological Writings, would be sufficiently shown, by the pure 
spirit of Philanthropy, breathing through the following character- 
istic epistle : 



WM. TENN'S LETTER TO THE INDIAN CHIEFS. 

This Letter was sent to Philadelphia, from London, in 1684, 
which, no doubt, will be admired, by its Readers, for its (ele- 
gant) simplicity and kindness, as well as its quaintness of ex- 
pression, viz ; 

" My Dear Friends, 

" There is a Great God ! that hath made the World, and all 
" things therein, to whom thee and I, and all people, owe their 
" being, and well-being, and to whom, thee and I, must one day, 
" give an account, for all that we do, in this world. 

" This Great God, hath written His law in our hearts, by 

" which, we are commanded, and taught, to love, and help, and 

" do good^ one to another. Now, this good Being hath been 

" pleased, to make me much concerned, and interested, in thy 

" part of the world ; and the great King of this Country, where 

" I live, hath given me a Province, amoni^ thy people, and I de- 

" sire to enjoy it, with thy love, and that w^e may always live 

" together, as neighbors and friends, as the Great God has in- 

" tended, for all men, 

" I would have thee all know, moreover, that I am aware, that 
*' thou and thine, have not always been treated as thou shouldst 
" have been, by the people of those parts of the world : and so 

" thou hast been angry, and blood has been shed, which 

" kindled the anger of the Great Spirit also: But, lam not such 
" a man, as is well known, in my country. I love and regard 
" thy people, and 1 desire to gain their love, by a kind, just, and 
" peaceable life. The people I send to thee, shall be of the same 
" mind. 

" If in any thing they should offend, or injure any of thine, thee 

" shall have speedy satisfaction. I shall come shortly, (myself,) 

" to confer with thee, on those subjects. Mean while, I have 

" sent my (commissioners, to treat with thee and thine, about 

" land, and about a firm league of PEACE. Let me desire thee, 

•' to be kind to them, and to all my people : Receive these Pre- 

" sents and Tokens, which I have sent thee, as a Testimony oi 

" my Good Will, to thee, and my Resolution, to live justly 

" friendly, and peaceably, with thee, and thy people. 

" I am, thy loving Friend, WILLIAM PENN." 




The Elm Tree here represented, was blown down in 1809, it was very aged, and 
is renowned from the eelcbratcd Treaty, made by the Indians and William Penn, 
in 1682, under its mnbrageous branches. 



LOCATION OF THE CITY. 



Philadelphia is situated on a Plain, nearly level, bounded on 
the East, by the River Dela\vare ; and West, by the lliver 
Schuylkill ; on the North, by the extensive Districts, and the 
Northern Liberties, Spring Garden, &c. and on the South, by 
Districts of Soutlnvark. MoyamcnsiniT, &c. It is situated in 
West Longitude, from London, 75 degrees, 8 minutes ; and in 
North Latitude, 39 degrees, 75 minutes, and about 100 miles, 
in the course of the River, from the mouth of the Delaware; its 
elevation above high wator-majk, ranges from a few feet, to C4, 
the highest ground being between Schuylkill-Seventh and Eighth 
Streets. A few streams of water originally, crcssed a part of the 
site of the City ; but in the course of improvements, these have 
entirely disappeared. The immediate substratum of Philadelphia, 
is clay, of several colors and deiirees of tenacity, beneath >\lii(;li, 
at various depths, from 20 to 40 feet, is found layers of coarse 
gravel, which, from its situation, is denominated scc&«(/^/-a re/. 



8 

Formerly the wells were sunk to various tlepths, and the water 
then supplied from them, was charged with the usual impurities, 
which penetrate through the layers of sand, gravel, &c. such as 
carbonate of lime, nitrate of potash, salts of magnesia, and chloride 
of sodium; but happily, for the health and convenience of the 
Citizens, the (now) ample supply of water, from Fair Mount, 
has almost removed, all dependence on those depositories of im- 
purities. 

In 1794, the District of Southwark, was incorporated ; and in 
1803, the part known as the incorporated District of the North- 
ern Liberties, obtained a Charter, it being divided into several 
Wards : since that time, Kensington has been incorporated, and 
Southwark also, was divided into Wards. 

Anterior to 1800, the City proper, was divided into Wards, of 
very ii-regular bounds ; but at that time, the Eastern Wards were 
bounded by Fourth Street, and the Western extended to Schuyl- 
kill. Subsequently, the limits of the Eastern Wards, were ex- 
tended Westvvardly, to Delaware-seventh Street : And the 
Western still extended to Schuylkill. The number of Waids, at 
this time, is 15; viz. Beginning on the South side, and Eastern 
front, New Market, Pine, Dock, Walnut, Chesnut, High, Low- 
er Delaware, Upper Delaware, 8 Wards, on the Eastern front ; 
then beginning on the South side, and Western front, Cedar, 
Ward, Locust, South, Middle, North, South-Mulberry, North- 
Mulberry, 7 Wards, on the Western front. 

The original Plan of the City, was by Thomas TIelme, in 1683, 
in which, nine Streets, running East and West, are recognized. 
High, or Market Street, is 100, and Broad Street is 1 13 feet wide. 
Front Streets, on both Rivers, are 60, and Arch Street, 60 feet 
wide; all the other Streets, are 50 feet ; and the '20 Streets, be- 
side Broad, which cross the others, at right angles, are all 50 
feet wide, except the front Streets, on both Rivers, which are 
60 feet wide ; and Water Street, and Penn Street, which are very 
narrow. The intermediate Streets, not known in the origi- 
nal Plan, Lombard, Locust, and Filbert, are 50 feet wide ; 
and Cherry and George Streets, about 40 feet wide ; and San- 
son! 60 feet wide ; Girard Street, 50 feet, Commercial Street, 
40 feet wide. New Street, Branch Street, Marble Street, Crown 
Street, Chester Street, Washington Street, Bonsai, Barley, Bread, 

Quarry, Quince, Juniper, and several other small Streets. 

Dock Street is the only avenue of the City, not crossed at right 
angles : It begins at the Dock Street landing, and winding in a 
serpentine course, of various widths, from 90 to 100 feet ; finally, 



terminates in Third Street, near the Old United States Bank, on 
the site of which, (formerly) a vessel laden with West India 
Goods, from Barbadoes, was^ discharged. 

The Creek, which (formerly) ran in the direction of this Street, 
was at one time, crossed by a wooden structure, the site of which, 
for a long time after its removal, was known as the Draw Bridge. 
The Creek was arched over, from Third to Walnut Street, at an 
early period ; and in 17S4, the arching over the Creek, extended 
to Spruce Street. 

It was the intention of the Proprietor, to preserve a clear front, 
from Front Street, towards the Hiver ; and the first buildings, 
erected East of Front Street, were restricted to the heighth of 
the Bank, for the purpose of preserving an Exchange Walk ; but 
further infractions having been committed, large blocks of 
buildings (without yards) were erected, and the narrow street, 
known as Water Street, was established. 

By the Will of the late Stephen Girard, a fund has been estab- 
lished, for the improvement of Water Street, and the Eastern front 
of the City, to be designated, by the Title of " Del rnvare Ave- 
nue : ^' This (in time) will add much to the convenience, com- 
mercial importance, and beauty of the City. 

The Streets, running East and West, with the exception of 
High (or Market) Street are named, from native trees. Begin- 
ning at the North ; they are Vine, Sassafras, (or Race) Mulberry, 
(or Arch) Hi^h, (or Market) Chesnut, Walnut, Spruce, Pine, 
and Cedar (or South) streets ; Union street, was not included, in 
the original Plan of the City ; — the same may also be said, of 
Decatur, North, and many other small streets. 

WIDTH OF THE STREETS, & LENGTH OF SQUARES. 



Feet. 
From Water to Front street 60 
Front Street, 50 

" to Second 369 

Second Street 50 

" to Third, 500 

Third Street 50 

" to Fourth 375 

Fourth Street 50 

" to Fifth, 401 

Fifth Street 50 

" to Sixth 398 

Sixth Street 50 

" to Seventh 396 

Seventh Street 50 

" to Eighth 396 



Feet. 
From Eighth Street, 50 

" to Ninth, 396 

Ninth Street, 50 

" to Tenth 396 

Tenth Street, 50 

" to Eleventh, 396 

Eleventh Street, 50 

" to Twelfth 396 

Twelfth Street 50 

" to Thirteenth 396 

Thirteenth Street, 50 

" to Juniper St 250 

Juniper Street, 40 

" to Broad 250 

Broad Street, lia 



10 



Feet. 
Broad to Schuylkill 8th,. . . 396 

Schuylkill Eighth, 50 

" Eighth to Seventh,... 396 

Schuylkill Seventh 50 

" to Sixth 396 

" Sixth Street, 50 

Schuylkill 5tii to Fourth,. . 396 

Fourth 50 

Fourth to Third St 396 

Third Street 50 

Sch. Third to Second, 425 

" Second ov 50 

" Second to Front • 396 

" to Front Street 50 

" Front to Ashton 273 

Ashton Street, 50 

" to Beach Street, 240 

Beach Street, 50 

" to Willow Street 267 

Willow Street, 50 

Vine Street, 50 

Vine to Sassafras (or Race) 632 
Sassafras (or Race) 50 



Feet. 
Sassafras to Cherry Street,. 288 

" to Mulberry 288 

Mulberry Street, 66 

" to Filbert •. 307 

Filbert Street, 50 

" to Higji Street, 306 

High (or Market) Street. . 100 

" to Chesnut Street. . . . 484 
Chesnut Street 50 

" to George 235 

George Street 40 

George to Walnut Street. . 235 
Walnut Street, 50 

" to Locust Street, 370 

Locust Street, 50 

" to Spruce Street 400 

Spruce Street 50 

•' to Pine Street, 473 

Pine Street, 50 

" to Lombard Street, .. . 282 
Lombard Street, 50 

" to Cedar (or South) St. 322 
Cedar (or S.) Street 50. 



SHORT TOURS (OR RIDES) AROUND PHILADELPHIA. 



Almost every Avenue of the City, extendins; North and South, 
communicates with various roads, leadinoj through improved Dis- 
tricts, in tlie immediate vicinity, affording dehghtful tours, for a 
few hours ride. On the JNorth side, the villages ofFrankford, 
Germantown, Manayunk, Francisvillc, Nicetown, the Settle- 
ments around Girard College, and the highly cultivated Districts, 
intervening, all give life and spirit, to the elegant scenery. 

On the South, the highly cultivated garden spots, known as 
the Neck, the Naval Asylum, the Moyamensing Prison, Land- 
dreth's celebrated Garden, the Navy Yard, in Southwark, the 
airy location of Point-Breeze, the large Praries, at Penrose's 
Ferry, and the many beautiful roads, which meander, from river 
to river, renders this situation, extremely pleasant, for a short 
and healthy ride. 

On the West, Mantua Village, the improved and splendid 
Country Seats, on the West side of the Schuylkill river. Bar- 
tram's Botanical Garden, the Alms Houses, and the New Luna- 
tic Hospital, &c. are objects that cannot fail, to gratify those, 
who ride out to take the fresh air, in the vicinity of Ihis City. 



n 

On the East, the various neat Villages, immediately, on 
the River Delaware, in New Jersey, Camden, Kaighn's Point, 
AVoodbury, deserve to bs mentioned, as places of genteel and 
frequent resort, in the warm seasons of the year. 

The delightful Villages, Towns, and (Cities, of Trenton, Bur- 
lington, Bristol, Bordentown, &c. on the Northern section of this 
beautiful (country : — And those of Wilmington, Chester, New- 
Castle, Salem, &c. &;c. &c. on the South-east, afford great 
accommodations, by the Daily Lines of Steam-Boats, and 
Rail-Roads, as places for a temporary residence, of great 
convenience, to a City, like Philadelphia, daily increasing in 
wealth and population. 



NUMBER OF DWELLING HOUSES AND STORES, IN THE CITY. 
In 1683, the number of Dwelling Houses amounted to only 80- 

In 17G0, the dwellings, (and other buildings) numbered 2,900. 
And the inhabitants (at that time) exceeded 18,000. 

In 1810, the buildings, stores, workshops, &.c. of every kind, 
exceeded 22,000, of which, nearly 16,000, were occupied as 
dwelling houses. 

In 1820, the 14 Wards of the City proper, contained G3,802 
inhabitants; — and in 1830, the same Wards, with the addition 
of Pine Ward, contained 80,513. 

In 1830, (the present time) it is estimated, that the number 
of buildings, (of every description) exceeds 50,000. 



12 




MILITARY OPERATIONS, 

OS! THE BULA'WAREi^ 
nuring the Lale W^M. in 1S13, 13, & 14. 

The occurrences, during the Revolutionary war, properly be- 
long to the province, of the Historian, of that celebrated struggle 
for Liberty. — The more recent Movements of the War, of 1812, 
13, & 14, however, deserve to bo noticed, more particularly, 
as many of our most distinguished, and wealthy Citizens, of 
the present day, enrolled themselves, among those, who promptly, 
at the call of our (then) distressed country, laid down the garb 
of Citizens, and assumed the arduous duties of the Camp, and of 
the Soldier. 

At an early period of that War, the Delaware Bay was block- 
aded, by Sir John Beresford, who made an attack on Lewistown, 
and received, an unexpectedly, warm reception ; and from the 
marauding expeditions of Admiral Cockhurn, in the Chesapeake, 
and the attack of (reneraZ Ros^, on Washington, and Baltimore, 
apprehensions were entertained, that Philadelphia, might also, 
become the next object, of attack. 

The Muster Rolls, of the Troops, which were called into ser- 
vice, on that occasion, has been politely loaned, to the publisher 
of this historical sketch, by a Gentleman, who took an active part, 
on that important occasion, and who, since that time, has been 
constantly before the public, as a Military Officer, as well as one, 
distinguished, for the satisfactory discharge, of several important 
public offices. 




FIRST CAMPAIGN. 

The depredations committed by the British, on the Chesapeake, and 
iheir menacing attitude on the Delaware, rendered it absolutely necessary 
that a force sliouldbe embodied, to repel their aggressions. With this 
view, a detachment of militia was ordered to be drafted, for the service 
of the United States. No sooner was this measure known, than the 
Philadelphia Blues, and Independent Volunteers, two old and respecta- 
ble Companies, united with the Washington Guards, which had be- 
come organized in March, and was the first New Company , form- 
ed after the commencement of the IFAIi, in offering their ser- 
vices to the government, in lieu of the contemplated militia draft. Their 
offer was accepted, and after having been mustered and inspected, the 
detachment marched from the City, for the State of Delaware, on the 
afternoon of the 13th of May, under the command of Col. Lewis Rusir. 

It encamped for the night, a short distancu from Gray's Ferry, where 

in consequence of a severe rain, on the succeeding day, it was detained 
until near noon of the 15th, on the evening of which day, it arrived 
and quartered at Chester. On the 16th, it passed through Wilmington, 
and pitched upon afield about a mile below that town, and on the morn- 
ing of the 17lh readied Staimton, a village on the Baltimore road, six 
miles from Wilmington, about a mile from which, a permanent encamp- 
ment was formed. This spot was selected by General Bloomfield, then 
commander of the District, as an eligible place, for a Camp of obser- 
vation, on account of its proximity to the waters of the Delaware and 
Chesapeake. New Castle on the left was six miles distant, and the 
Head of Elk, where the British had landed, during the war of the Revo- 
lution, immediately preceding the Battle of Brandywine, and where it 
was thought probable, from their movements, they again intended to an- 



14 

noy the country, was but seventeen miles. It was supposed, that a force 
of three hundred and fifty men, aided by the Volunteers of Delaware, 
would be amply sufficient to repulse any body of the enemy, which 
would probably be landed on either side, and orders were given to send 
out occasional scouting parties, to collect information, to obtain a know- 
ledge of the surrounding country, and to watch the movements of the 
foe, should any attempt be made, tu dis-embark his troops. These parties, 
under the conmiand of a commissioned officer, extended their reconnoit- 
ering excursions, as far as Christiauna, Newark, New Castle, and 
even Elkton. 

On Sunday, the 29lhof May, an express reached Wilmington, in- 
forming that two frigates, one sloop of war, and a tender, were ascend-, 
ing the Delaware, under a press of sail, with a fair wind. — The drums 
beat to arms, and the several Volunteer corps assembled at their res- 
pective posts. Intelligence of the expected attack, with the usual ex- 
aggerated reports, was soon conveyed to the Camp, and inspired the 
troops with a vigor, not before exhibited. Even those who were under 
the surgeon's care, were soon cured of their infirmities, buckled on 
their arms, and stood in the ranks, prepared for a march. The whole 
country wss in consternation, and ail believed the enemy was at hand. 
The Independent Blues was ordered down to New Castle, whilst the 
other two Companies stood by their arms, prepared to proceed towards 
Christiana, or in any other direction from which the enemy might ap- 
proach. All was life and activity, and the ambitious spirits who had 
long been indulging in the hope of distinction on the field of battle, al- 
ready fancied their anticipations realized. But their hopes were short- 
lived. The alarm proved groundless ; some barges had appeared higher 
up the Bay than usual, and in their course, had been magnified to a small 
fleet of ships. The Independent Blues remained under arms at New 
Castle during the night, and on the following afternoon returned to 
Camp. 

A rumour about this time having' obtained currency, that the enemy pur- 
posed to ascend the Delaware, and to attempt the destruction of the extensive 
Powder Mills;, on the Brandywine, Col. Rush was ordered to take up a new 
position with his troops on Shellpot Hill, three miles North of Wilmington, 
one from the Delaware, and about half way between the latter and the main 
Philadelphia road. This position was high and healthy, commanded a com- 
plete view of the River as far down as New Castle, and covered Hamilton's 
landing, the only practicable point, near the Brandywine, where a debark- 
ation could have been efifected. The detachment left their ground near Staun- 
ton, on the 2d of June, and on the same day, reached their new station, where 
they continued without any active service, until the month of July. The daily 
drills and battallion exercises, with the nightly posting of picket guards at 
the landing on the River, tended to perfect the men in their discipline and 
duties, and it would certainly not be going too far to say, that their appear- 
ance and knowledge of military movements, had never before, been surpass- 
ed, by the same number of Volunteers, in the service of the United States. 

The heat of the weather rendering it ineligible to continue an encampment 
too long upon the same spot, the detachment was marched on, about the 



15 

12th of July, to Oak Hill, near Stille's run, about four miles South of Dupont s 
Powder Mills, and about the same distance West from Wilmington. Here 
it continued until the final order tor return, wliicli took place after the British 
had descended the Ciicsapeake, to \v;]<:c their picduiory \v;irlare upon the 
Defenceless U)\\i\:<, situated nrar the mouth of the Bay. The Camp was bro- 
ken up on the "JGth of July, and the troops reached Chester on that ni;jht, 
and Philadelphia, on the afternoon of the sucreedmg- day. In the neighbor- 
hood of the lower ferry, they were met by a number of Volunteer Corps, of 
Cavalry and Infantry, who had pre|)ared for iheni, a grateful repast, at the 
Woodlands, and wore escorted into the (>iiy, where they were dismissed, in 
front of the State House. 

In calling the attention of our old companions to the scenes of this year, it 
would be doing injustice to the inhabitants of the State of Delaware, in the 
neighborhood of whom, the several encampments of the detachment were 
formed, to omit to notice the liberal hof^pitalily displayed by them. No civility 
or accommodation, calculated to render the situation of the troops agreeable, 
was withheld, and it was a source of plea>iiig redection to the detachment, 
that those whom they were sent immediately to defend, were every way wor- 
thy to be defended. Great credit, is also due to the inhabitants of Wilming- 
ton, New Castle, and their vicinities, for their promptness, in organizing 
corps, fur defence. Two Companies of Infantry, composed of the workmen, 
at the factories on the Brandy wine, were organized, uniformed, and equipped, 
under the command of the two Messrs. Duponts. One troop of Cavalry was 
also raised, in the same neighborhood, and placed under the command of 
Wm. Young, Esq. An excellent corps of Artillery, commanded by C;esar A. 
Rodney, Esq. was embodied at VVihnington, and a fine Comp:my of Infantry 
was raised at New Castle, under the command of Nicholas Vandyke, Esq. — 
These corps, with the addition of Capt. John Warner's troop of horse, Capt. 
Wdson's Company of Artillery, and ('apt. L.eonard's Company of Infantry, 
although not actually in the field, stood prepared, at a moment's warnincr, to 
unite with the Pennsylvania force, in opposing the operations of the enemy. 

Just about the time of the return of this detachment, an affair took place in 
the Delaware, which reflected great credit upon some of our young Naval 
Officers. It is so well described in Mr. Thomson's Book, that we shall take 
the liberty of using his own words for it. 

*' A Merchant Sloop, having entered the Bay, on the22d. of July, on her re- 
turn from sea, was cut ofl' by the Martin Sloop of War, which had just re-ap- 
peared in the Delaware. Tlie sloop ran aground to avoid capture ; and al- 
though she was afterwards attacked, by a tender and li)ur barges, well man- 
ned and armed, a hasty collection of .Militia, with one field-piece, under JJeut. 
Townsend, drove olTher assailants, and saved the sloop. 

" A detachment of the Gun Bo:it Flotilla, being at this time, but a few 
miles ofT, were apprized of the attack made by the' sloop of war, and Capt. An- 
gus immediately proceeded down the Bay, with eight Gun Boats nnd two block 
sloops. On the "JUth, he discovered the Martin, grounded slightly, on the 
outer ridge of Crow's shoals, and determined to attack her, in that situation, 
he anchored his squadron within three (juarters of a mile of the enemy, and 
opened a fire, from the whole line. The .lunon frigate came up to the assistance 
of the sloop of war, and anchored within half a mile, below her. Between 
both the enemy's vessels, mounting in all, (\[) (Juns, and the Gun Boat squad- 
ron, a cannonade followed, and continut d about one hour and forty-five min- 
utes ; in all which time, scarcely a shot struck either of the Gun Boats, whilst 



16 

at almost every fire, the latter told, upon the hulls of the sloop and frigate. 
This difterence in the firing, being discovered by the British, they manned 
their launches, barges and cutters, ten in number, and despatched them, to 
cut off the boats on the extremity of the line. No. 121, a boat under sailing mas- 
ter Shead, which, by some accident, had fallen a very great distance out ot 
the line, and was prevented from recovering her situation by a strong ebb, 
and the wind dying away, became the object of attack from the enemy's 
barges. Eight of them, mounting (among them) three 12 pound carronades, 
and carrying l.'iO men, assailed the gun boat at one time. Mr. Shead con- 
tinued, nevertheless, to sweep her towards the squadron, and to discharge 
his 24 pounder, alternately, at one or the other ot the pursuing barges, un- 
til they gained so fast upon him, that he resolved to anchor his boat, and re- 
ceive them, as warmly as the disparity of numbers would permit him. He 
then gave them a discharge of his great gun, with much effect, tliough to 
the injury of the piece, which being fired a second timet and the carriage break- 
ing down, it became necessary to oppose the enemy, who were closing fast, 
by the boarders. With these Capt. Shead resisted them, until his deck was 
covered with men, and the vessel entirely surrounded by the barges. Such 
was the impetuous fury of the English sailors, that the Americans were driv- 
en below, and the authority of the enemy's officers could scarcely protect 
them from violence. The flag was struck, and the boat carried off in triumph 
to the men of war. In this assault, the British lost seven killed, and twelve 
wounded. On board the boat, seven men were wounded, but none killed. — 
The squadron was all this lime firing at the enemy's ships ; who retired after 
capturing Mr. Shead ; the Martin havingbeen extricated from her situation, on 
the shoal. On boardthe Flotilla, not a man was injured, and but one of the boat's 
rigging cut ; this was No. 125, commanded by Sailing Master Moliere. The 
engagement continued nearly two hours, and was the last affair, of any con- 
sequence, which occurred, in the Delaware, during this year."' 



17 







MUSTER ROLL 



OF THE COMPANY OF LNDEPENDENT BLUES, 
Whilst in the Service of tie United Slates, from March 23, to April 7, 1813. 

William Mitchell, Capt. .lames Campbell, 1st. Lt. Wm, Tempest, 2d. Lt. 

Sergeants. Gerard Mark*, 1st. Samuel Riddle, 2d. Wm. Cornelius, 3d. 
Corporals. 1st. Thomas Taylor. 



John M'Kay, 
William VVarnock, 
James Gibbons, 
Alexander Murphy, 
William Park, 
Charles Cochran, 
James Shannon, 
Ringham Bingham, 
Thomas Lot, 
Joseph Feinhauer, 
Jacob Wagner, 
Joseph Murray, 
John Stewart, 
Moses Keen, 
William J. Rayfield, 
Jacob Eberle, 
Jacob Eberle, jun. 
John Briggs, 



PRIVATES. 

Jacob Leahr, ' 
George Leir, ' 
Thomas Magaugh, 
John Hopkins, 
Theodore Schriber, 
John Kelly, 
Thomas Patterson, 
William Ross, 
William M. Ginley, 
James Ross, 
William Hiigg. 
Stephen Ware, 
'J'liomas Lowerswiler, 
John Farara, 
Thomas Brown, 
William Carson, 
Luke M'Glue, 
William Smith, 



Lothian, 

John Barth, 
Aaron Snider, 
Abraham Snider, 
Wdliam Butcher, 
John Rudolf, 
Jacob Lidia, 
William Smith, 
William Moore, 
James North, 
Lewis Cunitts, 

Finn, 

Bristoe, 

William Butler, 
Joseph Kite, 

Mi'sicrAN.s. 
Fred Dentzell, Drummer 
Thomas Ray, Fiftr, 



0^ The Company consisted of about eighty men, but a complete list could 
not be procured. 



18 



MUSTER ROLL, 

OF THE JUNIOR ARTILLERISTS, 

Whilst in the Service nf the United Slates, from March 23, to April 7, 1813. 
Jacob H. Fisler, Capt. William Roderfield, First Lieut. James M. Por- 



•, Second Lieut. 










Sergeants. 
Jacob Cash, jun. 
John Wilson, 
Doyle E. Sweeny, 


1st. 
2d. 
3d. 


CORI'ORALS. 

Jonathan Stoddart, jr. 
Peter Perpignan, 


.1st. 
2d. 




PRIVATES. 









Thomas Lippencott, 
Charles M'Karraher, 
Henry Wilson, 
William Craft, 
Gabriel Coit, 
William Stephenf?, 
John M'Keever, 
Charles B. Hoffner, 
John M'Keagr(>, 
Thomas L. Connelley, 
Samuel F. Earl, 
Henry Musser, 
James Carson, jun. 
Peter Hay, 
Benjamin Griffiths, 
Charles Leslier, 
Benjamin C. Burden, 
Willian Pinchin, 
Robert Cooper, 
James C. Clark, 
Joseph M'Coy, 
James M'ElwHe, 
Joel B. Sutherland, 
John H. Clause, 
George Kanck, 
James Dallas, 



Daniel Carson, 
John A. Paxton, 
Andrew Wile, 
George Reinboth, 
Joseph P. Leclerc, 
John R. Haperty, 
Jacob Strembeck, 
Michael Simpson, 
Frederick Higtrins, 
James VV. Murray, 
Michael Baker, jun, 
Alexander Williams, 
Bryan Drum, 
John Breaticum, 
William Littelia, 
Jonathan B. Smith, 
John Kcnsil, jun, 
W'illi^ni Shubert, 
Henry Brame, 
Archibald Reed, 
James Calder, 
Charles Durannf, 
James Davis, 
Henry Snyder, 
Geo. \. Baker, jr. 
Jeremiah Matlock, 



James Porter, 
William Lane, 
John Niscon. 
Andrew M'Alister, 
Samuel P. Campbell, 
Gabriel Kearns, jr. 
Jacob Burkhart, 
Samuel Nicholson, 
Seth Nicholson, 
Mark Hartley, 
JohnC. Clark, 
Philip Scudder, 
John Francis, 
James M'Karraher, 
Jacob Souder, 
Jacob A. Bender, 
Andrew W. Morrison, 
Francis Shallus, 
George R. Taylor, 
Amos Howell, jr. 
Thomas Marley, 
John Caner, 
John Lougheay, 
Adam Scheever, 
Thomas Freeland, 
Henry Frick, 



Lieut. James Campbell, Adju'ant of the Detachment. 
Joel B. Sutherland, Surgeon. 
Samuel F. Earl, Quarter Master. 



19 



MUSTER ROLL, 

Of the First Detachment of the Pennsylvania Militia. 

FIELD AND STAFF. 

Lewis Rush, Colonel Commanding. Jacob Horn, Adjutant. 
Joseph P. Bunting, Lieut. U. S. A. Quarter Master. 

FIRST COMPANY, OF THE PHILADELPHIA. BLUES. 

Henry Myers, Captain. William Coles, First Lieut. George Geyer, 
Second Lieut. Michael Sager, Third Lieut. Jolin Suter, Ensign. 



Sergeants. 
1st. George Speel, 
•2d. Abraham VV ilt, 
3cl. George Bayard, 
4th. Charles Haas, 
5th. Joseph Witaker, 



PRIVATES. 



Jacob Shepperd, 
William Pattoii, 
William Sagerty, 
John Shannon, 
William Powell, 
Benjamin Hampton, 
Peter Maris, 
Joseph Shroiik, 
Jacob Baymont, 
William Bignell, 
Frederick Sweilzer, 
Henry Dubois, 
Philip Kreemer, 
Andrew M'Kee, 
John Fiapphune, 
John Kemp, 
Michael Grouse, 
John Lndwick, 
John Miller, 
Joseph Allman, 
Jacob Dahdff, 
Matthias Raser, 
John Kirkpatrick, 
George Cnoper, 
George A. Cooper, 
John A. Black, 
William Lancaster, jr 
Abraham Ogden, 
Ptter Reed, 



Joseph Brown, 
John Miller, 
Charles Lehman, 
Daniel Hagerty, 
Peter Steenberg, 
John Fiilnier, jr. 
George Bhune, 
Conrad Pfaff, 
Francis Cole, 
Nathan Cornell, 
Samuel Haucmell, 
Francis Lewis, 
Dani.-l Phile, 
David Bogus, 
Jolm WoJker, 
John ('l.rk, 
J.ihn W'olker, 
Bov't. Bnker, 
Samuel Diinfee, 
Thomas Anthoney, 
Charles Decoster, 
Thomas Love, 
James \\. Wiley. 
Henry K. I'hilips, 
John "Stull, 
John Ready, 
Jacob Strembeck, 
Thomas Rock, 
John Truman, 



Corporals, 
1st. John Travelliar, 
2d. Silas Sfelson, 
3d. Peter Perpignan, 
4th. Samuel C. Landis. 



Thomas Jones, 
P'rederick Good, 
John Fries, jr. 
Daniel Newman, 
William Maywig, 
Josept Seybert, 
Jacob Steenberg, 
David Lauck, 
George La forge, 
Joi n Willhunn, 
Charles VVorwock, 
Richard Holliday, 
Joseph Norbury, 
John Apple, 
Peregrine Leatherberry, 
Thomas Wells, 
John Deforest, 
Michael Hartranoff, 
Joseph Shepperd, 
J.)hn Harrington, 
Thomns Reed, 
John Shermer, 
George U alter, 
John .Mulherring, 
Christian Sower, 
George Gosler, 
John J. Stewart, 
Henry Pugh, 
Christian Snyder, 



Thomas Moore, 
John Gross, 
Ppter Baker, 
"William Sweeney, 
John Evans, 



20 

John Brown, 
Thomas Briltinham, 
Thomas Snowder, 
Wilham Naglee, 

Musicians. 



David Simpson. 
John Lamsback, 
John Keal, 
Wilham Roderfield. 



George Tripner, Drum Major. George E. Lechler, Fife Major. 



SECOND COMPANY^INDEPENDENT VOLUNTEERS. 

Samuel Borden, Captain. Daniel Oldenburg, First Lieut. John Howel, 
Second Lieut. George G. Wright, Third Lieut. John Snyder, Ensign. 



Sergeants. 

1st. Clement S. Elleck, 
2d. Henry Knorr, 
3d, Walter Allison, 
4th. Philip Stirarael, 
5th. John Clinton, 



C0RP0R\LS. 

1st. Benj. H. Springer, 
2d. Robert M'Clure, 
3d. Jacob Chalfant, 
4th. Robert S. Aitkins. 



Jacob Apple, 
Joseph Alexander, 
John Bay ley, 
John Butcher, 
Charles Bastian, 
William Bates, 
Samuel Baxter, 
John Brent, 
Willam G. Heal, 
Fdward Buckingham, 
Jacob Burke, 
Thomas Buckhart, 
Benjamin C. Burden, 
John Chapel, 
John Bowles, 
George Butler, 
William ('ourse, 
Arthur H. Clements, 
Charles Cidliday, 
Henry Cline, 
Dennis Cain, 
Aaron Cain, 
George Danniker, 
J 'hn Dubree, 
Edward Daly, 
Russel G. Davis, 
John Dollman, 
John G. Debeust, 
John Dowdell, 
John tbling, 



PRIVATES. 

Walter Gold, 
Greonberry i). Germon, 
John Henry, 
Daniel Hassal, 
Benjamin Hall, 
Jacob Hansel, 
Daniel Homan, 
Andrew Hooton, 
George Hoff, 
Peter Hardingbrook, 
William Hannah, 
Thomas Hardy, 
William Johnson, 
Jacob Kettering, 
Paul Strahan, 
John Keck. 
Peter Kritz, 
Joseph King, 
John Keller, 
John Lindsey, 
John Layland, 
William Lynd, 
Henry Larer, 
Lawrence Lieutiere, 
Kenneth M'Koy, 
Thomas M'Elhvee, 
John M'Kadge, 
Daniel M'Karaher, 
Phillip Marker, 
John Katz, 



John Millhouse, 
Christian Miniker, 
Matthias J^ice, 
Samuel Olwine, 
George Patterson, 
Joseph Rushae, 
John Raivly, 
James Ritchy, 
David Snyder, 
Francis Savoy, 
John Smith, 
George Spotts, 
John Scrimminger, 
Joseph Smith, 
John Simpson, 
Joseph Swartz, 
Robert Shaw, 
John R. Spreigle, 
William H. Steele, 
Samuel St. Clair, 
John Sutherland, 
Adam Stine, 
Stokely Sturges, 
John Sproningburg, 
John Sears, 
John Trainer, 
Samuel Viant, 
Joseph Willis, 
John Wile, 
Edward Wood, 



Richard Fawkes, 
John Frowert, 
Thomas Fortescue, 
William Goggins, 



21 

Henry Messier, 
James Matron, 
John Murphy, 
John Merrick, 



William M'Donnauli, 
William P. Ward. 



Musicians. 
Samuel Witherstein, Drummer. Thomas Ouram, Fifer. 



THIRD COMPANY- 



WASHINGTON GUARDS. 



Condy Racquet, Captain. John R. Mifflin, lirst Lieut. Michael \V. Ash 
Second Lieut. Thoinaii Anthony, Third Lieut. Thomas Traquair, En- 
sign. 

Sergeants. Corporals. 



1st. Thomas S. Pleasants. 
2d. John C Montgomery, 
3d. John F. Howell, 
4th. Thomas J. Wharton, 
5th. Francis W. Rawle, 



James Hall, 
Samuel Jobson, 
Valentine Burkart, 
George I Fricke, 
Georpe C Clinton, 
John S. Baker, 
Kdwin Anderson, 
John Banks, 
George Davis, jr. 
Richard Biddle, 
Charles Cist, 
Cephas C. (^hild, 
Joseph M. Turner, 
John P. Moore, 
Daniel Fling, 
Wiliam Hay, 
John Milnor, jr. 
Charles W. Schriner, 
Charles B. Rees, 
Thomas Davis, 
William P. Ford, 
John B. Dickmson, 
Phineas Eldridge, jr. 
Samuel L. Shober, 
Geo. W. Smith, 
James Armor, 
James Robbins, 
William S. Smith, 
Tobias Huber, 
David P. Benson, 



PRIVATES. 

John Carrell, jr. 
Charles Carpenter, jr. 
John L. Howell, 
Henry Grim, 
Thomas A. Marshall, 
George Gibbs, 
James Correy, 
Tench C. Kintzing, 
Thomas Sparhawk, 
Ceorge Delleker, 
William Kovoudt, 
George Simler, 
Joseph Burn, jr. 
J<ihn Shreeve, jr. 
Rorse W. M'Keever, 
James C. Keen, 
George W. Richards, 
John Durborow, 
William Major, 
Norris Worrell, 

A. G. Richard, 
T. W. Freeman, 

B. B. Breedin, 
William Burns, 
James Thomson, 
James S. Wharton, 
George Nice, 
Anthony Freed, 
Samuel B. Harrison, 
John Ayers, 



Is. John G. Watmough, 
2d. Samuel M. Sykes, 
3d. Thomas Burrowes, 
4th. John M. Brown, 
5th. Joseph H. Ashbridge. 



John M'Pherson, 
Jaci b Frishmuth, 
John Metzker, 
John J. Mahany, 
Bankson Huddell. 
George Willig, jr. 
Edward Gill, 
Btnjamin A. Thomson, 
William B. Emerick, 
John M. Thompson, 
Jacob J. Plocher, 
Robert Rogers, 
Adam Seybert, 
George Bed well, 
Joseph B. Kempton, 
Richard Cain, 
Ephraim Campbell, 
John H. Clause, 
James M'Keever, 
Francis Hnckel, 
Charles L. Peale, 
John B. Martin, 
Anthony W. Cufhbert, 
Clement A. Buckley, 
George Goodman, 
Henry Porter, 
George Harberger, 
Frederick Greenwood, 
James Ranten, 
John K. Vanpelt, 



22 

Joseph Kniglit, William Cobb, Francis Harley, 

John O. Pinkerton, Joseph Cobb, Anthony Eld ridge, 

Charles J. Cox, Robert Steell, 

Williaam S- Wager, Charles Servoss, 

MUSICIANS. 

John Christie, Fifer. Robert C'lristie, Drummer. 



SECOND CAMPAIGN. 

The residue of the year 1813, and the first seven months of 1814, were 
distinguished by nothing but the formation of volunteer corps of the various 
species of arms, and the recruiting of regular soldiers, for distant service. — 
Still there was no organization of the troops into battalions or regiments. — 
Nearly all were strangers, not only to the evolutions of the line, but to the 
most simple manoeuvres of the field. The manual exercise, and a knowledge 
of the drill taught in the school of the company, was the utmost science, that 
most of them could ]>retend to, and the whole body, with the exception of the 
few who had served the year before, was almost as little qualified to take the 
field, as the same number of ordinary militia. The service of the preceding 
year, had indeed been productive of some beneficial effect, but the grand essen- 
tial qualification of an army, THAT OF KNOWING HOW TO ACT, 
AND MOVE IN CONCERT, was wholly wanting. 

In this defanceless and unprepared condition, not dreaming of danger, were 
the inhabitants of Philadelphia, on the 26th of August, when the news of 
the unfortunate battle of Bladensburg, and the capture of the ci(y of Wash- 
ington, both of which events took place on the 24tli, suddenly reached them. 
All was consternation. Terror was depicted in every countenance. Already 
had the fears of some anticipated, ere that moment, the destruction of Bal- 
timore, and not a few, were found, who predicted, the identical day, when 
the enemy would dictate to Pliiladclphia, the terms of her capitulation.— 
These alarms, however premature, had a most happy effect. 

They taught the people the folly of slumbering, whilst the foe was at the 
gates, and aroused the dormant spirit of thousands, who had hitherto, re- 
garded danger, as at a distance. A public meeting of the citizens of Phi- 
ladelphia, was immediately convened, and a Committee of Defence was ap- 
pointed, with ample power to adopt such measures, as the urgency of the 
occasion might demand. 

Concentaneously with this measure, General Bloomfield resolved upon 
oganizing a Camp, and upon accepting the services of such VOLUNTEER 
('ORPS, as were prepared to offer. Wijh that view, he despatched an 
OflTicer of the regular army, to select a suitable spot at Rennet's Square, 
in Chester county, about;36 miles south-west of Philadelphia, thirteen miles 
from Wilmington, and eight or nine miles from Chad's Ford. This place 
was designated, as the point of Rendesvous, and some companies immedi- 
ately took up their march, and proceeded to the spot. 



23 

The first City Troop of Cavalry, commanded by Captain Charles Ross, 
marched at the same time, for Mount Bull, a heighten the Chesapeake, five 
miles from Tnri<ey Point, and thirteen from Elkton, commanding' an exten- 
sive view of tiu' Hay, where it established its permanent Head Q,uartprs, and 
from which, a line of videtles, extending to the City,, and communicating 
daily with the Camp, was formed. 

The companies as they arrived on the ground, at Rennet's Square, whir-h 
was designated as " Camp Bloomfield", were posted, and a course of disci- 
pline and duty, strict as that, which was practised ill the regular Hrmy, was 
at once introduced. To this rigid system, originally enforced, by Captain 
Charles W. Hunter, acting as I5rigade Major; under Gen. Bloomfield, and 
subsequently adhered to ilic respective Officers in command, is chiefly to be 
ascribed to the high character whicii, 'THE ADVANCE LIGHT BRIGADE,' 
then in its primitive discordant elements, aflerwards acquired. 

On the 7th of Sept. Lieut. Col. Clemson, of the U. S. Army, assumed 
the command of the Troops, which were, by this time, reinforced by some 
companies of regulars. On the 14th, Brigadier General Cadwalader, who 
had, a few days before, been appointed by the Governor, to the command ot 
the First Brigade, of the First Division of Pennsylvania Militia, and who 
arrived in Camp, on the preceding day, took command, and relieved Col. 
Clemson, who a few days afterwards moved, with the regular troops, to take 
up a position near Iron Hill, a few miles in advance of the Brigade. On the 
same day upon which the General took command, the Infantry in camp at 
that time, consistina of eicht companies, were organized into a Regiment, by 
the election of the field Officers, whose names appear, on the annexed Muster 
Roll. On the same month, the companies of Art llery were organized into 
a Battalion, of which Capt. Provost was chosen Major*. 

On the 17th of Sept. the Brigade took up the line of march, proceeded on 
on the road towards Wilmington, and encamped in the evening, on Gregg's 
farm, about three miles from that town. On the 20th. it changed its posi- 
tion, by removing to a field, half a mile distant. On this spot, designated in 
the Orders, " Camp Brandywine", it continued until the 29th, when, as 
it was intended, to take up a permanent position, a more eligible site, for 
water and salubrity, was selected at a distance of about two miles, in a west- 
ern direction, which was occupied on the last mentioned day. To this en- 
campment, was given the name of " DUPONT", from the Proprietors of 
the ground, who«e extensive Manufacturing establishments on the Brandy- 
wine, are so well-known. It was on this field, that the Brigade, by a con- 
stant attention to discipline and tactics, acquired so perfect a knowledge, of 
that part of the Military art, which relates to evolutions, and the duties of a 
Camp, that it was considered, by experienced Officers, to have had, no su- 
perior, in the service. 

In the month of November, some apprehensions having been entertained, 
by General Gaines, then commander of the District, that the enemy, who 
had during the whole summer and autumn, maintained his position, at the 
Delaware, meditated a landing, on some part of its western shore, ordered 
Col. Irvine, of the Army, who at that time, occupied a atation, two miles 



* On the 14th of November, tlic same Artillery Companies, with the others, 
which subsequently arrived in Camp, were organized into a Regiment, by the Elec- 
tion of the Field Officers, whose names appear on the Muster Rolls. 



24 

below New Castle, on the Frenchtown road, with a detachment of regular 
Troops, to proceed with his command, some distance below, and directed 
General Cadwalader, to replace him, with 600 men. The companies detail- 
ed for this service were, as follows, viz : 

ARTILLERY. 

The Independent Artillerists, Captain Linnard. 

INFANTRY. 

I. The First Company Washington Guards, Captain Mifflin. 

II. The Second Company Washington Guards, Capt. Swift. 

III. Tha Independent Blues, Captain Browne. 

IV. The Second Company Union Guards, Capt. Murray, 

V. The Delaware County Fencibles, Captain Serrill. 

The Order for this Movement, was received on the afternoon, of the 1.5th 
of November, and under circumstances which created a general belief, that a 
meeting with the enemy, would shortly take place. On the morning of the 
16th, this Detachment, under the command of Lieut. Col. RAGUET, pro- 
ceeded to the designated spot, where it arrived, after a march of thirteen 
miles, by 2 o'clock. 

The Staff appointments, having been made by the conamanding Officer, 
the Organization of the Detachment stood as follows : 

Condy Raguet, Lieutenant Col. Commanding. 

Samuel S. Voorhees, Major. 

Thomas R. Peters, Adjutant. 

Frederick W, Sperry,^— Quarter Master. 

Samuel Israel, Assistant Quarter Master. 

.Tames S. Ferguson, Surgeon. 

Cephas G. Childs. Sergeant Major. 

William S. Hobson, Quarter Master Sergeant. 

Musicians. 

John Tryer, Drum Major. 

— Fife Major. 

The Detachment reached the ground, occupied by Col. Irvine, just at the 
moment that Officer was leaving it, where it continued, without the occur- 
rence of any material event, until the latter end of the month. A commis- 
sioned Officer was daily detailed, and stationed at New Castle, for the pur- 



25 

pose of collecting from travellers, sea-farinff people, and water-men, such in- 
telligence, respecting the position, and operations of the enemy, as mip^ht 
be obtainable, and a report of the result of his inquiries was made to the 
commanding Officer. In additi n to this source of intelligence, a lino of vi- 
dettcs had been extended, from Fort Penn, at the hf-ad of the Delaware Day, 
to cainp Dupont, by Cap t. Ros.s's troop, which was ordered to cdnimunicate 
with the Detachment, and by this means, a daily inlei course was maintained 
between all die Branches of the Army. The lateness of the season, however, 
deterred the enemy from attempting to ascend the Bay, and all expectation 
of meeting him in the field, was abandoned. Two deserters from tlie fleet, 
in the Chesapeake, fell into tlie hands of the videttes, who brought them to 
the Camp, near New Castle (which was named after the commanding Gener- 
al) where they were examined, and sent under guard, to the City, to be 
delivered over to the Marshal. 

On the 2Sth of November, in consequence of the cold, heavy rains, which 
filled many of the tents with water, and rendered the ground (which was 
nevertheless the best site for an encampment, in the vicinity) so slippery 
with clay, as to be almost impracticable, for the sentries to walk their rounds, 
the Camp of the Detachment was broken tip, and the troops were marched 
into quarters at New Castle, where a Church, and the Court House, and a 
private dwelling, were politely offered by the inhabitants, for their reception. 
All the rules of discipline and duty, which were applicable toquarters, were 
enforced, and a proper and correct deportment was observed to the citizens, 
whose hospitality, during the continuance of the Detachment, in the neigh- 
borhood, had been conspicuous. 

On the morning of the 30th of November, the Brigade broke up its En- 
campment at DUPONT, and marched into Wilmingion, whore it was joined 
by the Detachment from New Castle. The whole left Wilmington, and 
reached Chester on the ensuing day, and on Friday, the 2d of December, 
early in the afternoon, enter* d Philadelphia. Such a sight, as the march of 
a body of three thousand well disciplint d, and uniformed soldiers, with all 
theirBaggage and Munitiniis of W;ir, had not been witnessed, since the peri- 
od of the Revolution, and it may safely be said, thai a more proud and joyoua 
day, was never before, experienced, by the inhabitants of Philadelphia. 

The very flower of the youth, and the best hopes of a nation. Citizens of 
every rank and profession, CAND OF EVERY POLITICAL NA.ME) were 
there commingled, in fhf ranks, united in a common cau-e, THE DE- 
FENCE OF THEIR COUXTRY, and exhibiiins to the Monarchies of 
Europe, the glorious spectacle, of PRACTICAL EQUALITY. Wives met 
their husbands, parents their sons, and Sweet-hearts their lovers, with all 
the anxious delight, so incident to a separation, which involves the absent 
party in peril, lor although, no occasion of meeting the enemy, had been 
presented, yet, an expectation of service, in the field of bailie, was perpeu- 
aily and universally entiTtained, ami the present moment, w:is only regard- 
ed, as an armistice, which would be followed in the spring, by an early and 
sanguinary campaign. 

The service upon which theFirst City Troop was engaged, wag of loo im- 
portant a nature, to admit of its returning with the Brigade, and it was, ac- 
cordingly detained on duty, a short time longer, and did not reach the City, 
until the 12th of December. 



26 

In addition to the Advance Light Brigade, a great body of Troops, amount- 
ing to nearly ten thousand men, was assembled in the neighborhood of Mar- 
cus Hook, 25 miles from Philadelphia, on the Delaware, under the command 
of Major Gen. Isaac Worrall. This forct! began to assemble in September, 
and did not finally, break up its encampment, until the 5th of December. It 
was composed of Militia, from various counties in the Slate, and a respect- 
able number of Volunteer corps As General Cadwalader reported directly, 
to the commander of the District, and as his Brigade acted independently, of 
the Troops at Marcus Hook, very little intercourse was maintained, between 
the two bodies. With the latter therefore, we had not a sufficient acquaint- 
ance, to enable us to speak of their discipline. 

During the autumn of 1814, a large number of Volunteer Companies, 
were organized in the City and County, but did not take the fifld. The 
Citizens also, under the direction of the COMMITTEE OF DEFENCE, 
occasionally, occupied themselve.s, in constructing Breast works, or Fortifi- 
cations, on the west side of the Schuylkill, and a martial spirit seemed to 
have been so extensively diffused, through the whole community, that there 
would have been no want of soldiers, for the ensuing campaign, had occasion 
required them. 

The Brigade was not dismissed from the service of the United States im- 
mediately after its return, but was held subject to future orders. On the 14ih 
of December, General Cadwalader was named by General Gaines, on his de- 
parture to New Orleans in General Orders, as his successor, in the com- 
mand of the Fourth United States Military District, by which occurrence, the 
command of the Brigade devolved upon the senior officer, Col. Biddle. The 
troops were mustered, inspected and dismissed in the following order : 

Capl. Keims' company, on the 5th of December. 

Capt. Anderson's company, on the 6ih of December. 

Capt. Serrill's company, on the 6th of December. 

Capt. Ross's troop, on the r2th of December. 

Col. Humphrey's regiment of Riflemen, on the 12th of December. 

Capt. Bache's company of Flying Artillery, on the 24th of December. 

Capt, Ravvle's troop of Cavalry, on the 24th of December. 

Lieut. Col. Berry's detachment of militia, on the 2d of January, 1815. 

Col. Biddle's Regiment of Infantry, on the .3d of January. 

Lieut. Col. Prevost's Regiment of Artillery, on the 3d of January. 

The preliminary Articles of Peace, signed at Ghent, on the 24th December, 
were ratified by the President, on the l8th of February, and put an end to 
the aspiring hopes of those, who were fondly anticipating the operations of 
another year. 



27 



MUSTER ROLL, 

Of the Advance Brigade as it stood, on the Return of the Troops, from 
Camp : Arranged according to the Rank, of the respective Corps, as 
established by the Regulations of the United ISlales. 

ADVANCE LIGHT BRIGADE. 

BRIGADE STAFF. 

Thomas Cadwalader, Brigadier General, 

John llare Powel, Brigade Major,* 

Richard M'Call, Aid-de-carnp, 

John G. Biddlf, Aidde-camp, 

Henry Sergeant, Assistant Q,uarter-Master General, 

David Correy, Assist. Deputy (Quarter Master General. 

FRANKLIN FLYING ARTILLERY. 

Richard Bache, Captain, 
Benjamin Chew, junr. Fi'-st Lieutenant, 
John Byrne, Second Lieutenant, 
Thomas M'Clean, Cornet. 



SfiROEANTS. 

1st. Jonathan Carson, 
2d. Henry Darnell, 
3d. John Wallace, 
4th. Thomas Smith, 



C0RPORA.LS. 

1st. John Borlau, 
2d. John Earby, 
3d. Martin Reese, 
4th. J. Lukens. 



PRIVATES. 

James Harvey, 

James Huston, 
Evan Jones, 
Edward Kerby, 
John Kelly, 
Hugh Linden, 
Edward Lvnch, 
Patrick M'Cafferty, 
William M'Cormick, 
Thomas M'Kinley, 
Daniel M'Curdy, 
Michael M'Claskey, 
Joseph Muntzer, 
William M'Donough, 
Samuel M'Creery, 
Lawrence O'Brien, 
William Fatten, 



Patrick Duff, 
Patrick Kennedy, 
Robert Taylor, 
Andrew Agnew, 
John Bloom Held, 
Patrick Boyle, 
David Biddle, 
James Campbell, 
Robert Clark, 
Anthony Campbell, 
Henry Conory, 
Stephen Croneir, 
Michael Campbell, 
Edward Cassady, 
Robert Dunwoody, 
Charles Graham, 
Patrick Hardy, 

* Brigade Major Hunter, 011 the 14th of September, was appointed to act tu 
Adjutant General, and served in that capacity for several weeks. 



William Todd, 
Henry Wrench, 
William Wray, 
Tliomas Ward, 
John Warr, 
John Wall, 
George Yeukley, 
Giles Yournson, 
John Laughton, 
William Little, 
Abraham Lukins, 
Henry Monaghan, 
B. Connor, 
Charles M'Laughlin, 
Bartholomew Boyle, 



28 
CAVALRY. 




FIRST CITY TROOP. 



Charles Ross, Captain, 

James L. Ciithbert, Second Lieutenant, 

Robert M. Lewis, Cornet. 



Sergeants. 



Corporals. 



1st. John R. C. Smith, 
2d. Anthony Stocker, 
3d. Thomas F. Learning, 
4th. Job Bacon, 

John Donnaldson, jun. Quarter Master, 



1st. Matthew M'Connell, jun. 
2d. Henry Harrison, 
3d. Jehu R. Tunis, 
John B. Simmons. 



Henry Nixon, D. Q. 
Lindford Lardner, ad. 
Robert Wharton, 
Edward Davies, 
Williams. Willing, 
William Craig, 
John Y. Bryant, 
Francis Q,. Smith, 
Lawrence Sink, 
Jospjjh Gratz, 
John C. Smith, 
William Lehman, 
George Hugg, 
Abraham Kintzing, 
John M'Crea, 
Samuel Jackson, 
William Whelan, 
William Simmons, 



PRIVATES. 

M. Edward T wells, 
Q.M.William H. Smith, 
Thomas Taylor, 
Henry Toland, 
William W. Fisher, 
Samuel H. Jacobs, 
Clement L. Bready, 
Charles P. Fox, 
Matthew Matthews, 
William H. Hart, 
Henry M'Murtrie, 
A ugustus Cushing, 
Francis Worloy, 
L<!wis Vanuxem, 
George T. Stukert, 
Edward M. Donnaldson, 
Francis M. Bolton, 
Charles Pettit, 



Moses Thomas, 
Charles Norris, 
Frederick V. Krug, 
John R. Warder, 
Thomas Say, 
John Warner, 
John W, Morrell, 
Nathan Hal], 
Joshua Harlan, jun. 
George M'Calmont, 
John Inskeep, jun. 
Henry W^icoff, 
Henry Witmer, 
Wharton Lewis, 
John Elfrith, 
Hugh Lloyd, 
George Willing, 
William Brown. 



John Lamsbach, Trumpeter. 



29 



SECOND TROOP, CITY CAVALRY. 

William Ravvle, jun. Captain, 

John M. Scott, First Lieutenant, 

William Schlatter, Second Lieutenant, 

John Hall, Cornet, 

Henry Naglee, Quarter Master. 



Sergeants. 
1st. E. S. Fullerton, 
2d. Robert Erwin, 
3d. Miller Allen, 
4th. Benjamin Say, 



Corporals. 

1st. John Walson, 
2d, George L. Seckel, 
yd. John Byerly, 
4th. Evan Rogers. 

PRIVATES. 



Jacob Chrystler, 
William King, 
Samuel Allen, 
John Gilpin, 
Lawrence D. Seckel, 
William White, 
Charles White, 
Christian H. Denckla, 
Richard M'Kenzie, 
Conrad Worknot, 
Charles Callahan, 



William St. Clair, 
Christian Kneass, 
Edward Ingersoll, 
John Primrose, 
Joseph Freyburg, 
James Caldwell, 
Joseph Gray, 
John Guier, 
John Potter, 
Henry Krockhauss, 
Robert Milnor, 



George Carlton, 
Joseph Barry, 
John Humphreys, 
Frederick Woelper, 
Thomas Newlin, 
Jesse Corfield, 
Thomas Owens, 
Louis Manoeuvre, 
William Filler, 
Jeremiah Osbern. 
Robert Hancock, 



Christian F. Adler, Trumpeter, 

FIRST REGIMENT, PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 
FIELD AND STAFF. 

Andrew M. Prevost, Lieutenant Colonel. 
Cornelius Stevenson, First Major. 
Thomas W. Duffield, Second Major. 
John G. Hutton, Adjutant, 
Jacob Peters, Quarter Master. 
Lewis M. Prevost, Pay Master. 
James Smith, Surgeon. 
Robert O'Neil, Sergeant Major. 



30 



FIRST COMPANY— INDEPENDENT ARTILLERISTS. 

James M. Linnard, Captain. 
G. C, Snyder, First Lieutenant. 
John Boyd, Second Lieutenant. 
Abraliam Shoemaker, Tliird Lieutenant. 



Sergeants. 



Corporals. 



1st. W. C. Donaldson, 
2d. Robert M'Mullen, 
3d. John Turner, 
4th. T. A. Morgan, 
5th, Jesse Brown, 
6th. George M'Leod, 



1st. N. Hatfield, 

2d. John Eddowes, 

3d. Charles Stokes, 

4th. David M'Clure, 

5th. John Porter, 

6th. James Cherry. 

Thomas Bigelow, Quarter Master Sergeant. 

PRIVATES. 



J. B. Andaull, 
Lemuel Ayers, 
Shepherd Ayers, 
P. Barnard, 
Samuel Birkey, 
Robert Blair, 
John Breuno, 
James Carson, 
Timothy Clark, 
A • Chaloner, 
Warwick Coates, 
James S, Cox, 
Daniel Culnan, 
E. Culver, 
D. Davis, 
J. Davis, 

William Dilworth, 
William T. Elder, 
Levi English, 
J. Fitzgibbons, 
W. Gaw, 
J. D. George, 
John Gilfry, 
Rene Guyot, 



James Hall, 
Peter Hall, 
H. H. Hamill, 
Wm. Hamilton, 
John C. Hardy, 
Hugh Hazlet, 
Thomas Hannessy, 
J. C. Hunter, 
J. E. James, 
Francis Kearny, 
William Lake, 
James Leathern, 
J. G. S. Lei per, 
J. G. Linehan, 
M- J. Linehan, 
James Marsh, 
J. Martiniere, 
W, M'Clernon, 
Samuel Moody, 
H. M'Kenzey, 
E. Oswald, 
J. G. Norman, 
Daniel Pearson, 
Phineas Paxson, 



George Pickle, 
Joseph Plumb, 
John Rosseter, 
J. Ray burn, 
H. J. Sausman, 
Wm. Selfridge, 
Henry Sharp, 

F. Shoemaker, 
W. A. Skerret, 

G. K. Snyder, 
Richard Sparks, 
Henry Snyder, 
Wm. Stewart, 

J. C. Tittermary, 
R. Tittermary, 
William Webb, 
H. Welch, 
George White, 
W. Whitehead, 
Thomas Winnimore, 
Samuel Workman, 
J. Wright, 
John Young, 
George Flick, 



Q:^ Alexander S- Cox, a private in this Company, was appointed Adjutant of 
a Battallion, at Marcus Hook. Tolm Roddy also a private, died at Camp. 

Musician, Owen Hughes, Fifer. 
Artitlery Drivers. 
M. Arrison, J. Arrison, J. Arrison, Dempster, Grey, Marts, Teter, 
Usher, Evil, Rogers. 



31 



SECOND COMPANY— JUNIOR ARTILLERISTS. 

Jacob Cash, jun. Captain. 
Robert Cooper, First Lieutenant. 
Henry Frick, Second Lieutenant. 
William B. Guyer, Third Lieutenant. 



Sergeants. 



Corporals. 



1st. Josiah Randall, 1st. Robert Mills, 

2d- .Tohn Kensill, jun. 2d. Joseph George, 

3d. John Clayton, 3d. John Stevenson, 

4th. John P. Myers, 4th. George Huff, 

5th. John M. Snyder, 5th. Andrew Wile, 
6th. Felix Labrouse, 

Joseph C. Collins, Quarter Master Sergeant, 
PRIVATES. 



William Abrams, 

Adam Apple, 

Jeremiah Bamford, 

Chalkley Baker, 

Luke Balf, 

Jacob Bender, 

John W. Blair, 

Thomas Britton, 

John Brooks, 

Jolm Buck, 

John Caner, 

William Bender, 

Austin Cargill, 

Martin L. Cassey, 
Lyman Clark, 

Daniel Coleman, 
Samuel Cook, 
John Cluley, 
Thomas Cranmer, 
William Dell, 
William Denneson, 
John Dowiing, 
John Eckfeldt, 
Michael Eckfeldt, 
George Eigleburner, 
Frederick Erdwan, 
James C. Erwin, 
Joseph Evans, 
Henry Flagler, 
Joseph Folkrod, 
Isaac Foster, 
William Freymouth, 
Samuel A. Gardner, 
Solomon Gardner; 



Joseph Graff, 
Jacob Green, 
William Groves, 
Morris Hansell, 
Jos. Harberger, 
George Harman, 
George Hart, 
John Hay, 
Thomas Hemphill, 
John C. Hermain, 
Cliarles B. Hoffner, 
Charles L. Hunneker, 
John Johnston, 
Benjamin Johnston, 
George W. Jones, 
G(!orge Kauck, 
William Keller, 
Charles Kurtz, 
Robert B. Laidly, 
Hciuy Larer, 
Edward Laskey, 
John Linker, 
Edward Lyman, 
William Lycett, 
Samuel M'Donnald, 
John M'Fall, 
John M'Kce, 
John M'Gibbon, 
James Maul, 
Charles Mentz, 
William Mesker, 
William S. Mingle, 
Henry Miller, 
Joseph F. Morchain, 
Stephen C. Purdy, 



John Reeves, 
John Reynolds, 
Aquila Ridgeway, 
William Ritter, 
Michael Ryter, 
George Rockingburgb 
William Rodgers, 
Henry Sailor, 
Jared Sample, 
Guilford D. Saunders, 
William Seybert, 
Michael Simpson, 
James Sost, 
John Snyder, 
George R. Taylor, 
William Tiel, 
Jacob Tiel, 
Enoch Thomas, 
Benjamin Thomas, 
Edmund R. Thompson, 
William H. Tigner, 
Thomas Tress, 
Elwathan Tyler, 
William Vandever, 
William Wallace, 
George Wile, 
William C. Wiley, 
Alexander Williams, 
Charles Williamson, 
George Wimley, 
Stacy Wood, 
John White, 

Umensetter, 

John Ruddick, 



WiUiam Goldey, 

Musicians. Joseph Wright, Drummer, — Michael Brodo, Fifer. 



32 



THIRD COMPANY 
NORTHERN LIBERTY ARTILLERISTS. 

John Naglee, Captain. 
Michael Baker, First Lieutenant. 
George N. Baker, Second Lieutenant. 
Joseph Swab, Third Lieutenant. 



Sergeants, 

Is. Joseph Naglee, 
2d. Samuel Foering, 
3d. Peter Hay, 
4lh, Charles Lesher, 
5th. William Preston. 



Corporals. 

1st. John Limeburner. 

2d. Thomas Rush, 

3d. William Craft' 

4th. Charles Millard, 



George Landell, Quarter Master Sergeant. 
PRIVATES. 



Abraham Andrews, 
Joshua Bower, 
James Brewster, 
John Breautigam, 
Jacob Beideman, 
John Boshart, 
Whitman B9nner, 
James Boylin, 
George Bisbing, 
Jacob R. Beidleman, 
John Carter, 
Samuel Clothier, 
John Cramp, 
Michael Colhr, 
Jacob Deal, 
Chrisiian Dillman, 
William Eager, 
Samuel Emmons, 
Frederick Emmerick, 
Henry Fisher, 
John Fredrickson, 
George Fagundus, 
Daniel Gable, 
Vincent German, 
Danihl Graul, 
Samuel Hoffman, 



Robert Hewston, 
Isaac Hammit, 
Richard Hodge, 
Adam Hymback, 
William Heise, 
John Hunnecher, 
Christian Hoeckley, 
Edward Ireland, 
Joseph P. Justice, 
George Jones, 
William Jeffries, 
William Kiter, 
James Kivelin, 
Joiin Kiter, 
John Lufiberry, 
Andrew LnfFberry, 
Charles Murphey, 
Samuel Marks, 
John Nell, 
John O'Neill, 
William Pennington, 
Henry Pitcher, 
Henry Poat, 
Joseph Pickering, 
Christian Poat, 
George Painter, 



Peter Rice, 
John P. Rice, 
Henry Reaver, 
Henry Rhile. 
William Sutten, 
John Sutten, 
William Slreeten, 
Csspar Sliibe, 
Joseph Sickfelt, 
Joseph Streeby. 
Jacob Scheetz, 
Jacob Shermer, 
George F. Smith, 
Isaac Sherer, 
John Seddinger, 
Stephen Stackhouse, 
Nelson Tossleson, 
Nicholas Vandusen, 
David Vice, 
Philip Walter, 
William Wagoner, 
Henry Williamson, 
Stephen Wilcox, 
George Zegler. 



33 



FOURTH COMPANY 
FRANKFOllD VOLUNTEER ARTILLERISTS. 

Rcia 13ac]<Tcr, Captain. 

Robert Whitaker, First Lieutenant. 

Washington Doak, Second Lieutenant. 

John Shalicross, Third Lieutenant. 



Sergeants. 

1st. James F. Thomas, 

2d. Gardner Fulton, 

3d. John N. Clark, 

4th. Daniel Tiese, 

5th John F. Gilbert, 



Corporals. 

1st. Rufus Tyler, 

2d. Robert NefT, 

3d. Levi K. Dover, 
4th. James Lintan, 
5th. Joseph Baldwin. 



William N. Lee, Quarter Master Sergeant. 
PRIVATES. 



Jacob Bodinc, 
John Burk, 
William Burger, 
Joseph Botuer, 
John Bordman, 
Rudolph Buckus, 
Samuel Courtney, 
George Gaucher, 
Thomas Chute, 
Jacob Coon, 
Christopher Coon, 
Daniel Clark, 
Francis Doran, 
Jacob Delany, 
Samuel Denny, 
Adam Erben, 
George Fisher, 
Conrad Fries, 
David Frazer, 
John Gray, 
Benjamin Hamilton, 
Jacob Harper, 
George Haines, 



James Hamilton, 
George Hart, 
Benjamin Jenkins, 
Isaac Jones, 
Samuel Landenburger, 
William Landenburger, 
James Lear, 
George Merkle, 
Joseph Marshall, 
James Miller, 
Benjamin Matlock, 
John M'xMullin, 
John Newcamp, 
Thomas Potts, 
Joseph Pcnncl, 
Henry Phillips, 
Aaron Palmer, 
John Peters 
Charles E. Q,uicksall, 
George Rorer, 
Joseph Rorer, 
John Rorer, 
Michael Retzcr, 



Charles Restino, 
George Robinson, 
James Rees, 
Robert Soly, 
Henry D. Sparks, 
Michael Shetzlinc, 
Joseph M. Sanderson, 
William Shalicross, 
Lawrence Scates, 
Isaac VV. Sparks, 
Henry Schoch. 
Benjamin Scott, 
Jonathan Schoch, 
Joseph Schoch, 
Chamberlain Shepperd, 
Moses Thomas, 
William Thomas, 
Paul Vannakin, 
Stephen Worrel, 
Isaiah Worrel, 
Rudolph Worrel, 
Hawly Worrel, 
Giles Williams. 



AuTiLLERV Drivers. 



John Clendening, 
Arthur Herrington, 



Jacob Ruiral, 
Nicholas Uber. 






34 



FIFTH COMPANY, 
WASHINGTON VOLUNTEER ARTILLERISTS. 

Samuel C. Landis, Captain, 
Henry Burden, Second Lieutenant, 
Thomas Lynch, Third Lieutenant. 



Sergeants. 

1st. William W. Pidgeon, 
2d. James Loper, 
3d. James A.. Pidgeon, 
4th. Samuel Crocker, 
5th. Jacob Cowen, 



Iliram Ayres, 
Peter Bruster, 
Daniel Buckius, 
Richard G. Ball, 
Henry Burkhimer, 
John H. Curtis, 
Charles S. Clawges, 
George Cress, 
Daniel B. Cannon, 
William R. Clawges, 
Samuel Chapin, 
James N. Chatten, 
Thomas Clawges, 
Richard T. Cock, 
Samuel Carver, 
John Cornell, 
Samuel Donnick, 
John Do Foe, 
Edmund Dartnell, 
Walter Ecklord, 
Erasmus Emerson, 
John P. Foude, 
David Forde, 
Lawrence Field, 
James Greble, 



PRIVATES. 

John Hoffman, 
Joseph Hall, 
Henry Hitchcock, 
Joshua Hughes, 
John Harkins, 
George Holmes, 
Mathias Hitchner, 
Charles F. Jones, 
Jeremiah Kerby, 
Jolin C. Long, 
John Lang, 
John Larkum, 
Benjamin Lewis, 
David May hew, 
George Maddock, 
William S. Makins, 
John M'Lean, 
George M'Sweney, 
JohiiG. Meliish, 
James M'Kcan, 
Thomas M'llvain, 
Richard Norwood, 
Charles Philes, 
Miles C. Philips, 
James Pidgeon, 

Musicians. 



Corporals. 

1st. Lewis Burdic, 
2d. Thomas Larkum, 
3d. Daniel Clawges, jun. 
4th. Thomas Kid, 
5th. William C. Leary. 



Solomon Price, 
Thomas Russel, 
Charles Robb, 
Joseph Shermer, 
Francis Springer, 
Stephen V. Solomon, 
Abraham Stokes, 
Charles M. Shoemaker, 
William E. Smith, 
Anthony Seyfert, 
Robert Stevenson, 
William Stow, 
James A. Toland, 
Abiel Twiss, 
John Tolbert, 
Thomas Tully, 
James Thackara, 
John Vandergritt, 
Charles Walter, 
Frazer Work, 
Joseph Whitman, 
Edward Winkler, 
John Hufty. 



Samuel Lippencott, Drummer. Clement W. Burt, Filer 
Artitlery Drivers. 

Powel Bachelor, John Gracy, 

John Deal, John M'Gee, 

Samuel Elfrey, William Lavering, 

Frances Hutchenson, John Kughler, 
John Lawrence, William Givia. 



35 



SIXTH COMPANY. 
SECOND COMPANY INDEPENDENT ARTILLERISTS. 

Samuel Paxson, Captain, 
Tliomas Murdock, First Lieutenant, 
Christian S. Snyder, Second Lieutenant, 
Tho.i.as Wallace, Tliird Lieutenant, 



Sergeants. 

1st. Samuel L. Douglass, 
2d. Henry Ilerberger, 
.3d. Samuel B. Barry, 
4tlj. Thomas Clark, 



Corporals. 

1st. Alfred Hazard, 
2d. George Snyder, 
yd. James Brown, 
4th. Charles Eardnian, 
5th. John Casner. 



Joseph Cake, Q,uarler Master Sergeant, 
PRIVATES. 



Jesse Shelmirc, 
William Long, 
Philip Jacobs, 
Jacob Snyder, 
William Martin, 
.Tohn Patterson, 
Joseph Wilson, 
John Blight, 
Charles B. Alberti, 
Frederick Butler, 
James Gibson, 
John Warner, 
Benjamin Roberts, 
.John Wertzler, 
Augustus T. Francis, 
Thomas Ilouck, 
Joseph Rivers, 
William Taylor, 
Thomas Thompson, 



Joseph Ix)\ver, 
Josepli Heritage, 
Chester Chatlin, 
Howard Cassady, 
James A. Bartram, 
Samuel S. Burns, 
William Sagcrty, 
Reece Scott, 
Jacob Juvenal, 
John Schepper, 
John Smilie, 
Craiguc Moore, 
James Brown, 
James Q,uen, 
William M. Lane, 
George Yerger, 
Balthazar GraflT, 
William Mason, 
John Millerman, 



John Wiatt, 
George Wall, 
Jacob Barker, 
Peter Fenner, 
Charles Miller, 
C. P. Lippincott, 
Conradc Phile, 
George W. Bartram, 
Anthony Lafitte, 
Charles A. Erdman, 
Henry I^ackey, 
John Bringhurst, 
Samuel Taylor, 
Robert Anthony, 
Samuel Maylin, 
Jesse Shelmire, 
William Roberta. 



Musician. Lewis Malin, Fifcr. 



36 

FIRST REGIMENT, 
PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 

FIELD AND STAFF. 

Clement C. Biddle, Colonel. 
Condy Raguet, Lieutenant Colonel. 
Josej)li R. Ingersol, First Major. 
Saitiuel S. Voorhees, Second Major. 
Michael W. Ash, Adjutant. 
Francis R. Wharton, Q,uarter Master. 
Thomas R. Peters, Pay Master. 
Samuel Stewart, Surgeon. 
James G. Ferguson, Surgeon's Mate. 
Samuel Wilcox, Sergeant Major. 
Frederick W. Sperry, Quarter Master Sergeant. 
John Tryon, Drum Major. 
Joseph D. Brode, Fife Major. 



FIRST COMPANY—INDEPENDENT VOLUNTEERS. 

Daniel Oldenbergh, Captain, 
George G. Wright, First Lieutenant. 
John Snyder, Second Lieutenant 
Richard Fawkes, Ensign. 



Sergeants. 

1st. Walter Allison, 
2d. Robert M'Clure, 
3d. John Wile, 
4th. Kenneth M'Koy, 
5th. Charles Colliday. 



C0RPORA.LS. 

1st. Edward Buckingham, 
2d. Francis Savoy, 
3d. Benjamin Emerick, 
4th. David Snyder, 



William Blair, 
Henry Bolen, 
Maurace Brown, 
John Butcher, 
Charles Bastian, 
James Broad nix, 
William Bates, 
Joseph Bucher, 
William Course, 



PRIVATES. 

Andrew llarman, 
John Hamilton, 
Henry Huland, 
Daniel Hassle, 
Benjamin Hall, 
John HoUock, 
Jacob Kittering, 
.Joseph Kellom, 
George Kirkland, 



Samuel Olwine, 
Edward Paschal], 
David Rambow, 
John Scrivenger, 
John Shuster, 
Samuel St. Clair, 
Joseph Stephens, 
Thomas Smith, 
John R. Spreigle, 



37 



Christian Countryman, 
Georg(! Clark, 
George E. Clark, 
Charles Cable, 
Peter Critz, 
Robert Davis, 
John Delancy, 
E. Evans, 
John PVazieur, 
Henry Finn, 
Henry Hute, 



John Lincoln, 
Daniel Linch, 
Henry IVIeycrs, 
Conrad Mark, 
George Mackison, 
Henry Mackison, 
John Morpjan, 
Daniel MKaraher, 
Jacob ISIarker, 
Philip Marker, 
John Morris, 



John Siferd, 
John SUnnrer, 
Peter Thompson, 
Benjamin Turner, 
Richard Tichcnor, 
William Weaver, 
Thomas Wray, 
John Wripht, 
Alexander Wattles. 



SECOND COMPANY. 
FIRST COMPANY WASHINGTON GUARDS. 

John R, Mifflin, Captain. 
Thomas I. Wharton, First Lieutenant. 
Thomas Traquair, Second Lieutenant. 
John S. Baker, Third Lieutenant 
John M. Brown, Ensign. 



Sergeants. 

1st John Milnor, 
2d. Thomas Davis, 
3d. Charles Carpenter, 
4th. John P. Moore, 
5th. George Nice, 



Corporals. 

1st. Tench C. Kentzing, 
2d. William B. Emerick, 
3d. Charles B. Rees, 
4th. George Bedwell, 
5th. James Robbins, 



George Abel, 
Richard Allen, 
Edwin Anderson, 
Alexander Austin, 
Isaac Ashmead, 
William Barger, 
Valentine Burkart, 
Peter Burkart, 
Adam L. Burkart, 
David P. Benson, 
B. B. Bringhurst, 
Thomas Breintnall, 
Cephas G. Childs, 
William CJhristic, 
John R. Coxc, 
Charles J. Coxo, 
Thomas W. Carson, 
George C. Clinton, 



PRIVATES. 

Ephraim Campbell, 
John IL Clause, 
William Condon, 
Jacob K. Katz, 
C. C. Chevalier, 
Robert 11. Campbell, 
Edward Clayton, 
Thomas Christine, 
George Donaldson,* 
Andrew Donaldson, 
George Delleker, 
John IT. Duncan, 
John Durborow, 
II, Dchavrn, 
Anthonv Eldridgc, 
I. S. Elliott, 
Thomas W. Evving, 
David Earnest, 



Anthony Freed, 
Thomas Folwel), 
John Fries, jun. 
Samuel N. Gray, 
William Graham, 
Henry Grim, 
George Goodman, 
Thomas D. German, 
Nicholas Hartley, 
John Hicks, 
Thomas Hill, 
George W. Hockley, 
John Harper, 
William Hay, 
Frederick llailcr, 
Robert Huckic, 
Edward E. Hall,* 
James Button, 



Andrew Humphreys, 
Samuel Jobson, 
James C Keen, 
Joseph B. Kempton, 
Josejjh C Keyser, 
H. Kintzing', 
William L. Lees, 
Henry Lesli, 
David Lauck, 
William Major, 
John Metzker, 
John J. Mahany, 
Lemuel Mifflin, 
James Morrell, 
William M'Mullen, 
Ephraim Mills, 
William Newell, 
Washington Nice, 



38 

John Owen, 
Henry Porler, 
John O. Pinkerton, 
James D. Pratt, 
Benjamin Philips, 
Robert Rogers, 
William Rovoudt, 
Benjamin Robbins, 
William S. Smith, 
John Shreeve, 
Charles Servoss, 
Adam Seybert, 
Robert Scot, 
Cornelius Stager, 
Joseph M. Turner, 
James Thomson, 
James C. Thomson, 
JoiSeph Thornton, 

Musicians. 



James C. Thomas, 
Thomas Tustian, 
Edward Turner, 
William S. Wpger, 
William Wright, 
Joseph Whitaker, 
Thomas Wilson, 
John Webb, 
Benjamin Whiteman, 
John R. Wucherer, 
Joseph Wetherstine, 
Joseph W. Wiltberger, 
James Watson, 
Isaac Wiltberger, 
John G. Capp, 
John C, Bryan. 



Jolm Christie, Fifer. Robert Christie, Drummer. 
* Died, during the Campaign. 



THIRD COMPANY.— STATE FENCIBLES. 



Hartman Kuhn, Captain, 
Henry J. Williams, First Lieutenant, 
Isaac W. Norris, Second Lieutenant, 
Peter A. Canonge, Third Lieutenant, 
John M'Call, Ensign. 



Sergeants, 

1st. William Ker, 
2d. Wm. L. Sontag, jun. 
3d. Joseph K. M'Kean, 
4th. William Young, 
5th. William Phillips, 



Corporals. 

1st. Thomas C. Rockhill, 
2d. Edward D. Coxe, 
3d, P. F. Fontanges, 
4th. Thomas Willing, jun. 
5th. Joseph T. Clement, 
6th. John C. Patten. 



John Adams, 
Samuel H. Allward, 
Joseph Allman, 
Thomas Altcmus, 
Nathan Baker, 
James J. Barclay, 



PRIVATES. 

Samuel Barclay, 
Robert C. Barnhill, 
Peter Bertrand, 
Jacob Bickley, 
William Billington, 
•Tohn Brcban, 



Charles Britton, 
James Brown, 
James Boggs, 
Thomas Bond, 
William Boyd, 
John B. Budd, 



39 



Menry Charirs, 
Henry C. Carey, 
I'etur Cliupcau, 
John Christine, 
Henry Clark, 
James H. Cole, 
George Collier, 
J hii M. Connelly, 
Charles S. Coxe, 
John Curry, 
iieoTfre Davis, 
Pliilibert Droz, 
John Ducker, 
Thomas Dunlap, 
Jacob Frick, 
Philip II. Friend, 
William Friend, 
Edward Fox, juii. 
Baldwin Gardiner, 
Edward Goodwin, 
John K. Graveustine, 
Edmund Green, 
John S. Green, 
Charles Grice, 
Samuel Grice, 
Charles P. Ilagner, 
Georgre F. Ilagner, 
John S. Henry, 
Anjiustus Hildebrand, 
William L. Hodge, 
Thomas Hopkins, 



M 



William Humes, 
Samuel Israel, 
Charles Kay, 
Joseph L. Kay, 
John B. Keen, 
Joseph Keen, jun. 
Isaac P. Kennedy, 
Samuel Kennedy, 
Gabriel Kerns, jun. 
Jacob C. Kline, 
Henry S. Kline< 
John Legget, 
John Loughery, 
Alexander M'Alpin, 
John M'Clciiachan, 
Benjamin Molineaux, 
Samuel Nevins, 
Stephen F. Nidelet, 
Abraham B. Nones, 
William North, 
James B. Ogle, 
James D. Olds, 
James Page, 
Peter Pollen, 
Josej)h Parham, 
Nicliolas Parmentier, 
John Pemherton, 
Nathaniel Pemberton, 
John W'. Peril, 
Joseph Phillips, 
William Rittenhouse, 

DsiciAx. Joseph D. 



Joseph Ray, 
Joel Z. Beynolds, 
John Rink, 
Joseph Robard, 
Joseph Kodgers, jun. 
Charles F. Roberts, 
John Reset, 
William Richardson, 
Samuel Rush, 
Kendal Selby, 
George Schively, 
James B, Siiles, 
Robert H. Small, 
Lucein Soulie, 
John Strawbridge, 
John T. Sullivan, 
John 'J'opiiam, 
Geo. L. Tallman, 
Alexander Watt, 
Joseph H. West, 
Samuel Withington, 
George Worl, 
William Worrell, 
Andrew Wray. . 
Samuel P. W^etherill, 
Thomas Young, 
William Pinchin, 
Samuel Wilcock.s, 
David R. Sergeant, 



Drode. 



FOURTH COMPANY. 
SECOND COMPANY WASHINGTON GUARDS. 



John Swift, Captain, 
Clement S. EUick, First Lieutenant, 
Benjamin Gratz, Second Lieutenant, 
Francis B. Stockton, Ensign, 

Sergeants. Corporals. 



1st. Wm. II. Woodward, 
2d. Henry Billington, 
yd. (icorge L. Eyre, 
4tli. Adam Ashburncr, 
5th. A. B. Amcnuan, 



1st. Thomas R. West, 
'2d. William Scckcl, 
3d. John Billington, 
4th. Henry Helmbold, 
nth. IMalhew Newkirk, 
Gth. John Lane. 



40 

PRIVATES. 



John Alcock, 
Daniel Ashman, 
William Anderson, 
William Abbott, 
Joseph Bastian, 
B. W, Ball, 
Joseph Bedford, 
Robert H. Beresford, 
Joseph B. Burr, 
John A. Browne, 
Samuel H. Carpenter, 
George Curry, 
Thomas Curry, 
Daniel Coppuck, 
Isaiah Canby, 
Joseph A. Clark, 
John Cope, 
John Chamberlin, 
William Cline, 
Joseph Cook, 
James T. Cook, 
James Corkrin, jun. 
George Cooper, 
A. H. Denckla, 
Evan Davis, 
Archibald T. Dick, 
Anthony Elton, jun, 
Samuel Evans, 
Anthony Elton, 
Joseph Elton, 
William M. Evans, 
George Emerick, 
George D. Ebsv^rorth, 
James Fullen, 



William Fenton, 
Edward Fennell, 
James Gibson, 
John George, 
Francis S. Germon, 
Win. Hoover, 
John W. Hamilton, 
William Hines, 
John Hart, 
Adam Haas, 
William Hoffman, 
Mordecai Hart, 
Joseph Hines, 
Thomas A. James, 
William Jones, 
Thomas Johnston, 
Joseph Jones, 
Edward King, 
Jeremiah Kirk, 
Jacob Keyser, 
John Lawrance, 
Charles Lehman, 
Francis Lesher, 
William Levering, 
William Lindzey, 
James M'Kinsey, 
Alexander M'Kinsey, 
William M'Coy. 
Stephen Marchment, 
Peter Morrell, 
Joseph Mynich, 
Isaac R. Mulock, 
John M'Pherson, 
A. M'Alpin, 



Francis A. North, 
Israel Oat, 
John Perry, 
Thomas Redman, 
Robert Russel, 
William Rickards, 
Peter Riley, 
George Sciireiner, 
Robert B. Sellers, 
Henry Stiles, 
John Singer, jun. 
John Shinn, 
William A. Smith, 
John A. Smith, 
Thomas Sawer, 
Andrew W. Summers, 
George S. Stimble, 
Samuel P. Shinn, 
Thomas Sinex, 
John P. W. Sheaff, 
James Steel, 
Shevvbart Thomson, 
John Thomas, 
William Tilton, 
Alexander Van Pelt, 
Thomas Vaughn, 
Napier Wilson, 
Charles S. West, 
A. Wharton, 
Jacob Wyant, 
Abraham Wandell, 
Jamea H. Young. 



FIFTH COMPANY. 
THIRD COMPANY WASHINGTON GUARDS. 

Thomas F. Pleasants, Captain, 
John C. Montgomery, First Lieutenant, 
Francis W. Rawle, Second Lieutenant, 
Richard Biddle, Ensign. 



Sergeants. 

1st. John B. Dickinson, 
2d, John L. Howell, 
3d. Samuel B. Harrison, 



Corporals. 

Is. Joseph Burn, jun. 
2d. William Smith, 
3d. George Willig, jun. 



41 



4th. Samuel L. Shober, 
5lh. Thomas Sparhawk, 



4th. George W. Richarda, 
.^ih. John G. Williamson. 



PRIVATES 



Jacob Alter, 
An-lrrw Armstrong, 
John P. Bankson, 
Thomas Bell, 
Daniel D. Bicknell, 
James C. Diddle, 
William Blackwood, 
John Carrell, jun. 
Robert Catheruood, 
William Caldwell, 
James B. Carson, 
William S. Cox, 
Jacob Clement, 
James F. Claypoole, 
David C. Claypoole, 
David Correy, 
Richard S. Dale, 
Thomas B. Darrach, 
William H. Dillingham, 
Paul Durnpy, 
Jacob Erriosrer, 
S. Rhoads Fisher, 
James Garrigoes, 
Elmslie Garrigues, 
James Glentworth, 
Charles Govelt, 
Robert Govelt, 
John T. Griffith, 



William M. Gullager, 
Jonathan Guest, 
Jolm II. Hampton, 
William Hiiwkiii.s, 
Charles Havpistick, 
Samuel HiMebiirn, 
James M. Hopkins, 
Thomas M. Hopkinson, 
Franci.-. Hopkinson, 
John Hopkiii;!, jun, 
John H. Houston, 
Joseph Israel, 
Edward P. Jones, 
John 31. Kittera, 
Thomas Lake, 
David Lapsley, jun. 
Charles Manigault, 
Thomas A. Marshall, 
Josepli P. M-Corkle, 
Ralph M'CIintock, 
Benjamin .Mitchell, 
James A. Monti^omery, 
Samuel P. Montsomery, 
William M. Mills, 
Thomas W. Morris, 
William 3Iusser, 
John W. Peters, 
William Philpott, 



Joseph R. Purdon, 
A. G. Richard, 
Allen Roberts, 
Williaii Rumsey, 
Andrew Rumsey, 
Josi pit Ku<h, 
John R. Sliubert, 
William Sniiih, 
Charles Snowden, 
Marshall B. Spring, 
Wa.■^hingtoIl Stewart, 
Levi Taylor, 
Robert Taylor, 
\N'il!iam W. Thackara, 
Benjamin A. Thonoson, 
John N. Todd, 
WilliTin Warrance, 
Joseph Was.-on, 
Edmund C. Watmough, 
John Weaver, 
John F. Wells, 
Thomas D. Condy, 
Henry P. Coxe, 
N. G. Malcolm, 
Georore Russel, jun. 
C. Wurtz, 
Wm. W. M'Sparran. 



SIXTH COMPANY.— INDEPENDENT BLUES. 

Peter A. Browne, Captain. 
James Campbell, First Lieutenant. 
William Tempest, Second Lieutenant, 
William W. Hayfield, Third Lieutenant. 
Thomas Taylor, Ensign. 



Sergeants. 



Corporals. 



1st. Thomas Patterson, Is. William Hilton, 



2d. Joseph Hallentine. 
3d. John INI'Kay, 
4th. Alexander Murphy, 
5th. Jacob Leidy, 



2d. Jolin Knox, 
I>d. Henry Nagel, 
4th. James M'Laughlin. 
r)th. Alexander Hemphill, 
6th. James Kinnv. 



42 



John W. Backhouse, 
George Buchanan, 
Henry Bolton, 
Ringham Bingham, 
Charles Brouster, 
Aaron Bockius, 
Jesse Bowers, 
John Best, 
Thomas BrocV, 
Alexander Brown, 
John Clator, 
Hugh Cassady, 
William Caldwell, 
Charles Cochran, 
John H. Cross, 
J. Cunningham, 
John Caldwell, 
Daniel Cornwell, jun. 
Edward Daly, 
Charles Dougherty, 
Henry Dicks, 
William Eginton, 
Henry Flanagan, 
Edward Fletcher, 
John Finn, 
John Fox, 
James Gibbons, 
Casper Guldey, 
Patrick Gilmore, 
David Henderson, 
John Hanna, 
James Hag-an, 
James Holland, 



PRIVATES. 

F. Houck, 
Henry Habernehl, 
Abraham Rulings, 
Alexander Henry, 
Jared Irwin, 
George W. Jones, 
Andrew Jamieson, 
Henry Kugler, 
James Longe, 
Thomas Lott, 
Joseph Lloyd, 
George Lehr, 
John Little, 
Charles Little, 
Samuel Lemmine, 
Alexander M'Neall, 
Francis H'Cormick, 
George D. Murdock, 
Hugh Miller, 
N. "M'Kinley, 
Peter Maley, 
John M'Cartney, 
John M'Michael, 
John M'Nally, 
John M'Nulty, 
Henry Monaghan, 
Stephen M'Faden, 
George JM'Knight, 
Thomas M'Gee, 
Simon Nickel, 
John Odenheimer, 
George Priest, 
William Park, 



Samuel Ross, 
Morris Reese, 
William Ryan, 
Daniel Roberts, 
Michael Reiley, 
Bernard Rooney, 
John Rutherford, 
Aaron Snyder. 
Abraham Snyder, 
James Sisco, 
James Shannon, 
Peter Slatter, 
Hugh Sloan, 
David Thomas, 
William Trimble, 
George H. Freidey, 
David Winebrenner, 
Samuel Wister, 
Joseph Wilson, 
Jacob Wagner, 
Stephen Ware, 
Thomas Wise, 
William Warnick, 
Samuel Yohe, 
Andrew Herrick, 
Jacob Smith, 
William Savidge, 
Hugh M'Alohan, 
James North, 
John B. Ware, 
Thomas M'Geaugh, 
Joseph Moor, 
Matthew Young. 



Musicians. Frederick Dentzell, Drummer. — Thomas Roy, Fifer. 

SEVENTH COMPANY. 

FIRST COMPANY UNION GUARDS. 

William Mitchel, Captain, 
Jacob Mitchell, First Lieutenant, 
Dennis Cain, Second Lieutenant, 
William M'Collin, Third Lieutenant, 
Frederick Hoffman, Ensign. 



Sergeants. 
1st. Benjamin Burden, 
2d. Peter F. Fritcz, 



Corporals. 

1st. Theodore Screiber, 
2d. William Allen, 



43 



3d. William Butcher, 
4th. Michael Gross, 
5th. Luke M'Clue, 



3d- John Smith, 
4th. William M'Ginley, 
5th. William Thibault, 
6th. John Branson. 



Jacob Anderson, 
John Aston, 
Gowen Brown, 
James Brady, 
Joseph Brown, 
Simon Borie, 
Augustus Boulu, 
James Barbazett, 
Jacob Barbazett, 
Thomas Brown, 
Henry Brunner, 
James Brown, 
Aaron Davis, 
Conrad Bomb, 
John Barth, 
Michael Bright, 
Alexander Brady, 
Thomas Bruee, 
William Caruth, 
Joseph Couden, 
Joshua Carpenter, 
Samuel Cowden, 
Benjamin Comegys, 
Jos(!ph Coombs, 
George Carpenter, 
Jacob Grumbly, 
Michael Curby, 
Thomas A. Cressel, 
Edward Cathrall, 
George Deforest, 



PRIVATES. 

Benjamin Davis, 
David Downie, 
John Dutheyou, 
Samuel Devou, 
Benjamin English, 
George Kckfeidt, 
Lewis n. Foot, 
Adam Fries, 
Paul Gold, 
George Cravell, 
Patrick Gray, 
Jacob Gross, 
Henry Hesslepoth, 
Robert Haywood, 
William Houck, 
Isaiah Ivens, 
Joseph Jones, 
Anthony Kreider, 
John Linton, 
John Lutz, 
Jacob Lutz, 
John Lower, 
Joseph Latourna, 
David R. Mills, 
John IL Meyers, 
John Miles, 
Henry M'Cormick, 
John M'llhenney, 
Richard M'Donald, 
William M'Allister, 
William S. Leacock, 



Eli Newman, 
Philip Poulain, 
William Pickering, 
James Porter, 
George Payne, 
John Fringie, 
Joseph Poole, 
George Rawlings, 
Josaph Rliinehart, 
William Robinson, 
Peter Rumpf, 
Samuel Reese, 
David Ryan, 
Samuel Stackhouse, 
Nicliolas Schreiner, 
William Schreiner, 
Josthh Shaw, 
Samuel Smith, 
John Strickland, jun. 
James G. Sieever, 
William Stephenson, 
Isaac Shuberl, 
Joseph Tacy, 
John Tanier, 
Thomas Thomas, 
Charles Thatcher, 
Edward Wallas, 
Samuel Williamson, 
John Wall is, 
Jacob Yard, 
S. Clavton. 



EIGHTH COMPANY. 
SECOND COMPANY UNION GUARDS. 



Joseph Murray, Captain, 
William Corseliiis. First Lieutenant, 
John Stratton, Second Lieutenant, 
Peter L. Ogle, Third Lieutenant, 
Andrew Rodgers, Ensign. 



44 



Sergeants 




Corporals. 


1st. Charles 


l)ecost?r, 


ist= 


Andrew Headman, 


2d. William 


Carson, 


'id. 


Andrew W. Morrison, 


3d. Jehu Thi 


Dnias. 


3d. 


Moses Keen, 


4th. Amos H 


oweli, 


4th 


. William L. Ilobson, 


5th. John H 


orn, 


rnh. 


John Maley, 






6th. 


. John House. 




PRIVATES 






John Avis, 


George W. Fox, 




Thomas Maxfield, 


Thomas Armstrong, 


John Girvan, 




Thomas Mifflin, 


John Bell, 


George Hough, 




John Nice, 


William Baen, 


Archibald Hays, 




John H. Porter, 


Gporge Betiner, 


Jacob Holahan, 




Joseph Roberts, 


Michael Bourne, 


Robert Harvey, 




John Simpson, 


Thomas Bell, 


Jacob Headman, 




William Simmerel, 


John Baker, 


Peter Horn, 




Yerkes Sourman, 


John T. Clark, 


Jacob Helieii), 




Henry Snyder, 


Samuel Caruthers, 


Frederick M. Irwin, 


William Shute, 


Lewis Cunilz, 


Jesse Johnson, 




Charles Smith, 


Hugh M'Cafferty, 


Howell Jones, 




Thomas Tash, 


John Chrystler, 


Samuel James, 




Samuel Witman, 


Robert Childs, 


Jacob Johnson, 




Henry Whiteman, 


William H. Campbell, 


Robert Keith, 




Edward Wood, 


Charles Cramer, 


Henry l^ayer, 




William West, 


John Durr, 


Samuel Lyndall, 




John Frver, 


Caleb Dennick, 


Daniel Leinau, 




Richard "Miller, 


Joseph Davis, 


Joseph Lauck, 




William Heppard, 


Jacob Fitzone, 


Daniel M'Muilin, 




Ezra Shihn. 


Anthcny Fitzone, 


William Moore, 






John Field, 


Conrad Merkle, 







■■i« n 9^ 4«t4w» 



NINTH COMPANY.— STATE GUARDS. 

Henry Meyers, Captain, 
Jacob H. Fisler, First Lieutenant, 
George Billington, Second Lieutenant, 
Alexander M'Caraher, Third Lieutenant, 
Daniel H. Miller, Ensign. 



Sergeants. 

1st. Andrew Geyer, 
i^d. George Brnners, 
3d. George Itichards, 
4th. George Harman, 
5th. Jacob Heyberger, 



Corporals. 

1st. William Dungan, 
2d. Joseph F. Collcday, 
3d. Pfter C. Meyers, 
4th. Thomas Worn, 
5th. Thomas M. Rush, 
6th. Jacob Burkard. 



Nicholas Andrews, 
Hezekiah Buzby, 
Jacob IJurrou's, 
Henry Benners, 
Tobias Beiiler, 
William Bruce, 
Peier Bartleson, 
John Buck, 
John Brock, jun. 
Stacy B. Barcroft, 
Isaac Barnes, 
Joseph Bartholomew, 
Charles Bicknell, 
John Barry, 

Geo. W. Bracklnridge, 
-William Colladay, 
James Cooper, jun. 
Waller A. Corry, 
Thomas Christian, 
Joshua Comley, 
David W. Clark, 
Jacob Clymer, 
Sallows bunlap, 
Jonathan Everitt, 
William Gravenstine, 
Theodore Gillius, 
John Garrison, 
Robert Gardiner, 
Jacob H. Gardiner, 
Christian Gobright, 
Courtier Goodwin, 
James Hansell, 
Henry Hollibush, 
Peter Hertzog, 



45 

PRIVATES. 

John Hawze, 

Joseph Hill, 
Jacob Harman, jun. 
John Hamilton, 
Henry Houpt, 
John Hollahan, 
Nathan Jackaway, 
John Kookagey, 
Joseph King, 
Joseph Keyser, 
Isaiali Knight, 
William D. Kennedy, 
Samuol Keehmle, 
John Kreider, 
Peter Lauderback, 
Peter Link, 
Joim Link, 
John Laskey, 
Mordecai Lyons, 
Joseph A. M'Clintock, 
George G. Meyers, 
Smith Mills, 
John Murphey, 
John Mingle, jun. 
John Morris, 
Hugh S. Magee, 
Elijah Mitchell, 
Daniel M'Dowell, 
Josepli G. No.xson, 
Daniel Newman, 
Owen Owens, 
Samuel Peterson, 
John Pollock, 
Isacher Price, 

Musicians. 



Robert Parham, 
William Pool, 
Henry H. Pennell, 
M'Kimmey Porter, 
Joseph S. Reilley, 
Alexander W. Reed, 
John Rush, 
Philip Riebsam, 
Israel Roberts, 
Peter Snyder, 
Samuel D. Sagers, 
George Stout, 
William Skinner, 
Caleb Shinn, 
Isaac Shunk, 
Lawrence Shuster, 
Joseph Smith, 
Jacob Smith, 
Joshua C. Seckel, 
Jacob Shinkle, 
Joseph Strock, 
Peter Saunders, 
Thomas H. Stinger, 
Jacob Slahter, 
Thomas Thomson, 
William Van Stovaren, 
John A. Wiltstach, 
William Weiss, 
Richard L. West, 
Jolin Warnock, 
Joseph Yeager, 
John Boyer. 



Jeremiah Scanlon, Drummer. J. L. Benner, Fifer. 



The Officers and Soldiers, whose names have been recorded on 
the LISTS, in the proceeding MUSTER ROLLS, fully justify 
the assertion, that if occasion had occured, for them to exhibit 
their devotion to their Country, they would have added to the 
reputation of its Arms : — The alacrity with which, they repaired 
to their stations, and the Military spirit which prevailed at the 
time, authorises the conclusion, that should arother war-like 
strujTsle occur, the VOLUNTEER COxMPANIES OF THIS 
CITY, will not be in the REAR, in DISCIPLINE, MILITA- 
RY SPIRIT, AND PATRIOTISM. 



46 

Besides, the Military Gentlemen, who were on duty, in the 
several Camps, below the City, in 1814, a large body of citizens, 
(among them, a great number of Mechanics, of various descrip- 
tions) Volunteered their services, to build Fortifications, on the 
West bank of the Schuylkill, in order to give the enemy, should 
they approach on the West i3ank of the Delaware, a sufficiently, 
warm reception ! The alacrity, which characterised the gener- 
al turn out, to erect FORT CRISPIN, near Gray's Ferry, prove, 
that in the hour of danger, party-spirit was hushed, and that only 
one sentiment, actuated the whole community. 

Men, who voluntarily came forward, on such occasions, may 
not be equal to the forced marches, of a regular Army ; — but, on 
their own soil, when in defence of their homes, their country, and 
their fire-sides, they will be INVINCIBLE ! 




47 




MILITARY COMPANIES OF THILADELPHIA, 1839. 



The following is a List of the Volunteer Companies, attached to 
the several Regiments, of the First Brigade, First Division 
of PENNSYLVANIA MILITIA :— Together with the sever- 
al Names of the Officers, commanding the Divisions, Brigades, 
Regiments, and Companies, and the estimated parading strength 
of the latter : 



Major General of Division, 
Brigadier General of First Brigade, 

" " 2d. " 

Brigade Inspector, 1st. Brigade, 

" " 2d. " 

First Regiment of Artillery, 



Companies. Lancers Cavalry, attached, 

" Junior Artillerists, " 

" State " " 

" La Fayette " •' 



Robert Patterson, 
Andrew M. Prevost, 
John D* Goovvin, 
Chalklcy Baker, 
Rudolph H. Bartlc, 
Col. J. A. Plcasanton, 
Lt. Col. J. R. Murphy, 
Major F. Fritz, 

Captain Stillc, 30 Members, 

F- Fritz, 30 

" Banner, - 30 " 
Lt. Col. Barger, 25 



48 



First (German) Washington Guards, " Partsman, - 40 

2d. " '• " " Kobler, - 40 

Jackson Artillerists, - - " McCaheii, 40 

102d. Regiment of Infantry, Col. Robert Patterson, 

Companies. 2d. State Fencibles, Captain Murray, 30 

" Cadwalader Blues, - " Menzies, 25 

" Montgomery Hibernia Greens " Dickson, 35 

" Hibernia Greens, - " Elsegood, 35 

" La Fayette Light Guards, Lieut. Peeris, - 25 

108th. Regiment of Infantry, 



Companies. 



State Fencibles, 
Washington Blues, 



Col. James Page, 
Lieut. Col. W. C. Patterson, 
Major W. W. Weeks, 
Captain James Page, 45 
" W. C. Patterson, 35 



National Troop Cavalry, attached, - - 20 

Col. C. G, Childs, 
Major Geo. Cadwalader, 
Captain Childs, 50 

" Cadwalader. 50 
" P. Fritz, 50 



128th Regiment of Infantry, 

Companies. Washington Grays, 
" Philadelphia " 

" National " 



M. 



M. 



UN-ATTACHED COMPANIES. 



City Troop Cavalry, 


Captain Hart, 


35 


Union Fencibles, 


« 


Lee, 


50 


German Washington Guards, 


" 


Bohlen, 


40 


Mechanic's Rifle, 


- 


Moore, 


30 


Penntownship Guards 


(( 


Lutz, 


25 


Mtinroe Guards, 


_ u 


Streeper, 


35 


Governor's Guards, 


CI 


White, 


35 


German Washington Rifle, 


. 


Dethmer, 


35 


Washington Highland Rifle, 


- 


Walker, 


25 



M. 



The County Troops, Mifflin Guards, Germantown Blues, Roxborough Volun- 
teers, and La Fayette Light Infantry, are located in the County : — They ape 
all Active Volunteer Companies, 

[O^ The above List comprises only, the disciplined, and 
efficient, active Military Force, of the County of Philadelphia ; 
and probably, the Officers and men, will number from 12 to 
1,500, capable of being concentrated in their action, within a 
very short time. Beside these, the undisciplined militia of th^ 



49 

City and County, will probably, furnish as large a Body. 

The number thus enumerated, would be greatly increased, in 
case of actual danger, for those who are exempted by age, would 
be, on such occasions, as many were, (in the last war) foremost, in 
the ranks of enterprise and danger, for the good of their Country. 

It will be remembered no doubt, that the military spirit of 

this City, in the late War, of 1812, was beyond all praise ; 

That the Draft of 1812, was promptly met, by such men as 
Girard, who it is said marched out, on that occasion, and that 
Eiddle, Cadvvalader, Patterson, and a host of other Patriots, 
were foremost, at the post of danger. 

Philadelphia, Jahj, 4, 183D. 




50 

PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 

THE Twentieth Annual Report, of the Controllers of the 
PUBl.IC SCHOOLS, is deeply interesting to the Citizens, and 
the community at large, exhibiting, as it does, the absolute suc- 
cess, of the System of Public INSTRUCTION, in the First 
District of Pennsylvania, and showing greater activity, increas- 
ed accommodations, and a larger number of pupils, in all the 
Departments of this important establishment, than any previous 
Report has disclosed. It will be seen, by the following table, 
that the number of pupils, (including those in the primary schools) 
is SEVENTEEN THOUSAND, instructed throughout the 
Year, at an annual expense of $4 75 per scholar, which aver- 
age cost includes, books, stationary, fuel, &c. It should be re- 
membered, that, small as this charge is, for the instruction of 
the pupils, a large portion of the annual expenditure, was appro- 
priated to permanent Improvements, enlarging the edifices, re- 
building, &c. Indeed, of the whole sum, of ONE HUN- 
DRED AND NINETY ONE THOUSAND, SIX HUNDRED 
AND THIRTY DOLLARS, AND TWENTY ONE CENTS, 
expended in one year, NINETY SEVEN THOUSAND, 
ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTY DOLLARS, AND SIXTY 
NINE CENTS, is to be charged to the New School Houses, 
and THIIITEEN THOUSAND, SEVEN HUNDRED AND 
THREE DOLLARS, AND FIFTY SIX CENTS, to Real 
Estate. 

The following TABLE furnishes a correct Distribution of the 
Scholars, at present, in the care of this Board of CONTROL- 
LERS : 

SCHOOL HOUSES. 

FIRST SECTION. Boys. Girls. Infants. Total. 

Northwestern .... 272 267 255 794 

South Eastern 227 225 247 799 



51 

Boys. Girls. Infants. Total. 

Locust Street 291 200 491 

Lombard St. (color'd) . . . 190 251 441 

Model School 1S4 19G 257 635 

Schuylkill School .... 120 137 257 

Second Section. 

Third St. School .... 233 169 402 

New Market St 220 197 417 

Color'd School 139 

Third Section. 

Catharine Street .... 286 290 585 

Reed Street 222 222 444 

Carpenter St 182 182 

Fourth Section. 

Buttonwood St 286 194 5S0 

Fair Mount 100 95 195 

Francisville 86 73 159 

Ninth Section. 

Moyamensing 300 250 284 793 

Tenth Section. 

Master Street • • • . . 264 244 381 889 

Palmer Street 251 196 447 

Sixty Primary Schools, aver- ) c i^^ 

ageing each, 90 scholars ) ' 

Outer Sections, estimated at 2.946 



Total, 3,718 3,315 1,388 17,000 



52 

The entire number of Primary, or Infant Schools, contem- 
plated by the Controllers, has now been established, amounting 
to SIXTY, and containing, it is believed, nearly SIX THOU- 
SAND Scholars. The wise policy of this measure, continues to 
manifest itself; and the effects produced by it, not only in gather- 
ing up those infants and very young children, who would other- 
wise receive no instruction, but in relieving the larger schools 
from pupils who have hitherto, only embarrassed the teachers, 
and the more advanced learners, are striking, and have been 
noticed, with special approbation, by the committee of our legis- 
lature, at their recent visit. 

Since the last Report, the Board has succeeded in procuring, a 
spacious lot, in an eligible and central situation, for the purposes 
of the High School ; the corner stone of this building, was laid 
on the 19th day of September, 1837, and it is expected, that it 
may be completed, and the School organised, during the com- 
ing summer. To this structure, the liberal grant of funds, by 
the State, during the session of 1836 — 37, has enabled the Con- 
trollers to add a most important and valuable improvement, in 
the construction of an Astronomical Observatory, and in a col- 
lection of Instruments, superior in character and finish, to most, 
(if not to any), now existing in our country. Some of these, 
have been ordered, and are now, in the course of preparation in 
Europe. 

A simple enumeration of the Buildings erected, or improved, 
will exhibit sufficiently, the great gain in the Department, of 
preparation, for enlarged usefulness, and explain the chief cause, 
of our augmented expenditure. 

It is confidently expected by the friends of General and Pub- 
lic EDUCATION, that the PUBLIC SCHOOLS will constant- 
ly gain favor with all classes of society, especially, since the es- 
tablishment of a HIGH SCHOOL, in the charge of distinguish- 
ed Preceptors, with ample means to instruct those Pupils, who 
have been advanced in the inferior public schools : — And the 
time may come, when it will be esteemed an honor, to have 
been EDUCATED in the FREE SCHOOLS of Philadelphia. 



53 

PRIVATE SCHOOLS, 

In the charge of highly talanted individuals, of both sexes, are 
established for instruction, in the Classics, Modern Languages, 
Mathematics, Music, Drawing, Paintini:, Embroidery, Needle- 
Work, and every other branch, embraced in a POLISHED 

EDUCATION :^^ These ACADEMIES, and BOARDING 

SCHOOLS are amply patronised by those, who know how to 
esteem the Qualities of their Teachers. 

UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

The origin of this University, was from a Charity School, 
and an Academy, which were chartered and endowed, in 1753. 
In 1779, it was erected into a College; and in 1789, into a Uni- 
versity. Subsequently, they were separated, the College was 
revived; but again, in 1791, they were re-united, and have con- 
tinued so, ever since. 

It embraces an Academical Department, in which, the usual 
College Course, of FOUR YEARS, is pursued, and a Medical 
Department, being the most ancient, and most respectable, in 
the country. The Students come from every part of the Union, 
and generally number upwards of 400. 

There is connected with the University, a most extensive MU- 
SEUM ; and the Philosophical and Chemical Apparatuses, are 
upon the richest scale, of any similar Institution, in the land. 
The Chemical Department is equal to any in the world. 

Many Students have already gone out, to gather fame, 
amongst their fellow-men, who may perchance, read this des- 
cription, and whose memories will be refreshed, by the scenes 
of their ALMA MATER, with that Holy Enthusiasm, which 
ever clings to the Graduate, amid the varied vicissitudes of after- 
life.* 



♦J. T. Bowen's Litliographic Press, No. 94, Walnut Street, Philadelphia. 



54 

The Buildings of this. Institution, are erected, in what is call- 
ed (by mechanics) " the rough cast style." They are situated 
in Ninth Street, between Market and Chesnut Streets. 

The <^/Iassical Department, and the various Schools, in connec- 
tion with this Institution, are now, in a most successful condition, 
having in the Freshmen, Sophomore, Junior, and Senior Classes, 
each, fiom FORTY to FIFTY Scholars. The Public Exhibitions, 
of the Classes, have of late, attracted much attention, and given 
great satisfaction ; — and the annual Commencements of the Clas- 
sical and Medical Departments, draw large concourses, of the 
fashionable and literary inhabitants of this City, to witness the 
progress of their favorite Institution. 

JOHN LUDLOW, D. D. Provost. 

HENRY REED, HENRY VETHAKE, 
Rev. Dr. WILEY, A. J. BACHE, 

Professors. 
In the Medical Department, the high character of the UNI- 
VERSITY, as the oldest and most distinguished School in this 
Country, is still maintained, and her Medical Halls are thronged, 
by Students, from every State and Territory of the Union ; and 
also, by Students, from Foreign Countries. 

The following are the distinguished Gentlemen, holding the sever- 
al Professor's Chairs : 
NATHANIEL CHAPMAN, M. D. Professor, of the Theory 
and Practice of Medicine. 

GEORGE B. WOOD, M. D. Professor of Materia Medica. 

ROBERT HARE, M. D. Professor of Chemistry. 

SAMUEL JACKSON, M. D. Professor of the Institutes of 

Medicine. 
HUGH L. HODGE, M. D. Professor of Obstetrics, and of the 

Diseases of Women and Children. 
WILLIAM GIBSON, M. D. Professor of Surgery. 
WILLIAM E. HORNER, M. D. Professor of Anatomy, and 

Dean, of the Medical Faculty. 
JAMES B. TRUETT, Janitor. 



55 

TCT^ At a Commencement of the Medical Department, on the 
5th of April, 1839, ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY EIGHT 
Gentlemen, received the DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF MEDI- 
CINE : — And the number of Gentlemen, attending the Class of 
the last Session, exceeded FOUR HUNDREJ). The Prepara- 
tory Schools, the Classical, and the Medical Departments have 
in attendance (collectively) EIGHT HUNDRED STUDENTS. 



JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE. 

THIS growing Institution was established by the enterprising 
exertions of Doctor GEORGE M'CLELLx\N, a distinguished 
Surgeon, of this City — and a number of his Medical friends, about 
fifteen years since ; it was at that time, a branch of the Jeffer- 
son College, at Cannonsburg, in this State. The first Sessions 

were held in Prune Street Theatre, altered and adapted to the 
purpose ; since that time, a capacious edifice has been erected, 
in Tenth Street, near George St. and this Building has been re- 
cently altered, and much improved, by the introduction of heated 
air and gas lights. 

Two Lecture Rooms, for Anatomy, Surgery, Chemistry, &c. 
capable of containing about THREE HUNDRED AND FIFTY 
STUDENTS, a MUSEUM, with specimens in excellent order, 
a large Dissecting Room, and several smaller deparments, used 
for a Dispensary, and other purposes. 

The present Organization of the Jefferson Medical College, has 
placed the President, and Board of Trustees, entirely indepen- 
dent of the Classical Institution, at Cannonsburg. 

The following distinguished Gentlemen, are the Officers and Pro- 
fessors, of Jefferson Medical College : 
ASHBEL GREEN, D. D. L. L. D. President. 
GRANVILLE S. PATTISON, M. D. Prof, of Anatomy. 
JOHN REVERE, M. D. Prof, of the Practice of Medicine. 
GEORGE M'CLELLAN, M. D. Professor of Surgery. 
JACOB GREEN, M. D. Professor of Chemistry. 



56 

SAMUEL CALHOUN, M. D. Prof, of Materia Medica. 
ROBLEY DUNGLISON, M. D. Professor of Phisiology, 

and the Institutes of Medicine. 
SAMUEL M'CLELLAN, M. D. Professor of Obstetrics, and 
the Diseases of Women and Children. 
WILLIAM WATSON, Janitor. 

DCP" The Class at this Institution, for many years, has aver- 
aged, from 200 to 300 Students : And the number of Graduates, 
at the last Commencement, was about NINETY, embracing in 
the list, gentlemen from various States and Territories, and 
from the adjoining Provinces of Great Britain. 



^l-^^i^^l^ 



AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY. 

THIS Institution was formed in 1769, by the union of two 
other Literary Associations, that had previously subsisted, in 
Philadelphia: One of these, bearing the same title, was insti- 
tuted in 1743 ; the other, the " American Society, for promoting 
useful knowledge," was established in 1766, and at the time of 
the union, consisted of Seventy-Eight Fellows, and Sixty-Nine 
corresponding Members. 

The Society was incorporated in 1780, and in 1786, received 
from Mr. JOHN HYACINTH De MAGELLAN, of London, 
200 Guineas, to establish a Fund, the interest of which, was to 
be appropriated, as Rewards to those, who made discoveries, in 
Astronomy, Navigation, and Natural Philosophy, competition 
for the premiums, being open to all Nations. This Fund has 
been so managed, as to produce an annual surplus, and the pre- 
miums now awarded, of which, a number has been bestowed, 
are of value, not less than TWENTY nor more than TWENTY 
FIVE DOLLARS, which may be taken in money, or a gold 
medal, at the option of the candidate, who also is entitled, to a 



57 

suitable Diploma. Several volumes, in 4to, of the transactions, 
have been published, containing papers highly creditable, to the 
literary fame of their authors, and the Society. 

Aided by the liberal donations of a number of the friends of 
science, both in Europe and America, the Society erected a com- 
modious building, in 1785, at the northeast corner of Indepen- 
dence Square, where they regularly hold their iMeetings. 

The Society meets on the FIRST and THIRD FRIDAYS, 
of every Month, from OCTOBER, to MAY inclusive, and on 
the THIRD FRIDAYS, of the other four Months. 

The LIBRARY of the Society is extensive, and annually in- 
creasing. The Society has likewise, an extensive collection of 
MINERALS, from all Quarters of the world, scientifically ar- 
ranged. 

At some of the Meetings of the Society, which are often held, 
for the perusal of Foreign Journals, &c. Members may introduce 
friends or strangers. 

PETER S. DUrONCEAU. L. L. D. President. 

NATHANIEL CHAPxMAN, M. D. Vice President. 



m<^. 



GIRARD COLLEGE. 

THIS Magnificent Institution is pleasantly situated, on a 
Tract of Land, containing FORTY FIVE ACRES, in the 
northwestern environs of Philadelphia, about one mile, from the 
incorporated limits of the City. 

The principal entrance to the establishment, will be, on the 
south line of the lot, immediately opposite the centre building. 
This entrance forms the termination of a broad avenue, leading 
from the City ; it consists of two octagonal lodges, with gates and 
piers, which, together occupy, a front of ONE HUNDRED 
AND NINE FEET. 

The coUego buildings are situated, on lines parallel with the 

H 



58 

city streets, presenting their principal fronts, to the north, and 
the south ; they consist, of a centre edifice, which is devoted, 
exclusively, to the purposes of education, and two " outbuildings" 
on each side, for the residence, and accommodations of the Pro- 
fe sors, teachers, and scholars. 

The centre building, which forms the principal, and most im- 
posing object, is composed in the Corinthian order of architec- 
ture : It is surrounded by thirty-four columns, supporting an en- 
tablature, after the manner of the Greek temples ; the columns rest 
upon a basement, of eight feet high, composed of a continuous 
flight of inarble steps, surrounding the whole building : Each 
column is six feet in diameter at the bottom of the shaft, and 
fifty-five feet high, including the capital and the base ; the shafts 
are composed of FRUSTRA, from three to six feet in height ; 
the base is three feet high, and its greatest diameter, nine feet 
two inches ; the heighth of the capital is eight feet ten inches ; 
and its extreme width, eight feet four inches. 

The whole heighth of the entablature, is sixteen feet ; each 
end of the building is finished with a pediment, of eighteen feet 
elevation, making the entire heighth of the edifice, from the 
ground, to the apex of the roof, 97 feet. 

The dimensions of the platform, upon which the columns rest, 
is 160 feet, by 216 feet 6 inches, leaving a passage round the 
CELLA of the building, in the clear of the columns, of fifteen 
feet. 

At each end of the cella, there is a door of entrance, sixteen 
feet wide, and thirty-two feet high, in the clear, ornamented with 
massive architraves, and surrounded by a sculptured cornice, sup- 
ported by consoles : The stones, composing the cornices, are each, 
in one entire piece of marble, twenty-five feet in length ; each of 
the doors open into a vestibule, 26 feet wide, by forty-eight feet 
long, the ceiling of which, is supported by eight marble columns, 
and eight antse, of the Ionic order : These vestibules are repeat- 
ed, as lobbies, in the second story, and the ceiling is supported 
in the same manner, by Corinthian columns. 



59 

The stairways are situated, in the lour corners of the building, 
and receive the principal part of their light, from the roof. 

On each floor, or story, there are rooms, of fifty feet square, 
in the clear ; the ceilings of the two first stories, arc groin-arch- 
ed, and those of the third story are vaulted, in the form of a dome, 
and crowned, with a sky-light, of twenty feet in diameter; all 
the sky-lights are so formed, as not to protrude above the roof. 

The floors and stairways, throughout the building, are com- 
posed of marble, and no wood is used, except for doors and win- 
dows. 

The whole building is to be warmed, by means of furnaces, 
built in the cellar ; flues for ventilation, are constructed, in the 
interior walls, having their apertures at the apex of the arch, in 
each room, 

The " out buildings" are each, fifty-two feet wide, and one 
hundred and twenty-five feet long, and three stories high ; the 
the eastern-most building, being (exclusively) devoted, to the use 
of the Professors, is divided into four separate and distinct houses, 
with all the conveniencies of private dwellings ; the remaining 
three buildings are intended, for the residence, and accommo- 
dation of the scholars, and their attendents. 

It is known, that this magnificent structure, is FOUNDED 
upon the munificent bequest of STEPHEN GIRARD, who gave, 
at his death, TWO MILLIONS OF DOLLARS, and a further 
amount, (if necessary) to build it, and support its students, after- 
wards. It is to remain, forever, a College for ORPHANS ; to 
impart to them, the imperishable blessings of EDUCATION, 
through all the ages, that are to come. 

T. U. WALTER, Esq. of this City, is the distinguished Archi- 
tect, whose plan was adopted, by the City Councils, and under 
whose able superintendence, the whole goes forward, not only 
as tlie ever-enduring MONUMENT of GIRARD, but to per- 
petuate, the TASTE and GENIUS, of its able and worthy 
ARCHITECT. 



60 

An extract from the last REPORT, of the Progress of the build- 
ings of GIRARD COLLEGE, up to January, 1839, states, 

That all the rooms, contemplated in the main buildirg, have 
been arched in; the centres of the groind arches ha\e been re- 
moved, and the stability of the masonry, has fully equalled the 
most ardent expectations of the scientific architect. It is contem- 
plated, to surround the whole establishment of the Girard College, 
(over forty-five acres,) with a substantial wall, of masonry, four- 
teen feet high, which is to be surmounted with an iron railling, 
all of which, is estimated to cost, (when completed) from ONE 
TO TWO HUNDRED THOUSAND DOLLARS. 

The situation of this College, is above the summit-level of the 
basins, at Fair Mount, and in order to supply it with water, 
from the Schuylkill, a forcing pump is to be attached, and a 
building, containing a reservoir, above the level of the College, 
is to be suitably located : This building is intended, to be used 
also, as a department, for washing, ironing, &c. &c. 

TCr' The City Councils have recently, appropriated 300,000 
DOLLARS, for the erection of this COLLEGE, during the year 
1839. 

D3= The appropriation, by Girard's Will, of TWO MIL- 
LIONS OF DOLLARS to this College, did not include, the 
immensely valuable property, formerly known, as PEEL HALL, 
on which it is situated. 

NICHOLAS BIDDLE, L. L. D. President, 
of the Board of Trustees. 

ALEXANDER D. BACHE, President, 

of the College. 



61 
MEDICAL SOCIETY. 

This Society was first formed, in 1771. Another was estab- 
lished, in 17'J0, which, after a short time, was united with the 
former, under the title of" THE PHILADELPHIA MEDICAL 
SOCIETY." Tlie members are either iionorary, or Junior, and 
include, among their number, many native and foreign physicians, 
of distinction. Duiing the winter season, when the City is visited 
by a large number of Medical students, this Society holds a 
Weekly Meeting, on every WEDESDAY EVENING, for the 
purpose of initiating Junior, and other new members ; and trans- 
acting the usual business ; after which, a dissertation, on some 
subject, connected with the science of Medicine is read, by some 
one of the members of the Society, which, at the close of the lec- 
ture, is subject to the discussion, of such of the members, as may 
choose to participate in the debate. 

These lectures are extremely interesting to medical students, 

and Junior members of the medical profession, comprising, in the 

course of the winter, some of the most novel, and interesting topics, 

included in the range of practical medicine. The sessions of the 

Society, are held in the Hall, of the College of Pharmacy, in 

Zane Street. 

THOMAS HARRIS, M. D. President. 

Reynell CoATES, M. D. ) Vice Presidents. 
OAMUEL Jackson, M. L). ) 

COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 

This Association was formed, in the year 1787, and in opera- 
tion, in 1789, for the purpose of advancing ihe science of Medi- 
cine : Observing the effect of seasons, different climates, and 
particular locations, on the human body : Recording the improve- 
ments, especially in MEDICAL SCIENCE, and the progress of 
the ARTS, and generally, opening, and enlarging, all the ave- 
nues to KNOWLEDGE. The College has, occasionally, pub- 
lished extracts, from the records of their transactions. 



62 
LINXEAN SOCIETY. 

A number of gentlemen, assoeiatod themselves, in ISOC, under 
the title ot'the^AMERICAX BOTANIC SOCIETY i—After- 
Avards. they assumed the title of the LINNEAN SOCIETY, 
intending to open a wider range., in NATURAL SCIENCE, than 
their first title indicated. 

5^ H< (L^ 



SOCIETY OF ARTISTS. 

In ISIO. an Association was formed, '^ntitled. •• THE SO- 
CIETY OF ARTISTS OF THE UNITED STATES." with 
the view of disseminating the elementary principles of the Arts; 
and in May. of that year, Mr. LATROBE, delivered the First 
annual ADDRESS. " 



-*^-;^ i ^ 



BAMv OF THE UMTED STATES. 

This important Institution was incorporated, by the STATE 
OF PENNSYLVANIA. FOR THIRTY YEAR?i. from the 
ISth of February. lS3t3. with a Capital, of THIRTY-FIVE 
MILLIONS OF DOLLARS : a measure, highly characteristic, 
of the wisdom, and fore-sight of her Legislature, and one. that 
has secured to the City and State, all the advantages, flowincr 
from the active employment of the large Capital, invested in the 
late Bank of the L'nited States, at that time, about to cease, its 
lawful actions, as a monied Institution. 

In 1S3:. from various causes, a SUSPENSION OF SPECIE 
PAYMENTS occurred, tliroughout the United States, and the 
action of this Bank, in conjunction with the distinguished Finan- 



63 

ciers of Philadelphia, and the Country generally, in maintaining 
an equilibrium in our currency, and finally, a RESUMPTION 
OF SPECIE PAYMENTS won for the INSTITUTION, an 
almost universal concession, of its distinguished UTILITY. 

The enlarf];ed operations of the Bank, through AGENCIES, 
established in several of the States, and ONE PRINCIPAL 
AGENCY, IN LONDON, secures, for Merchants of this City, 
and the Commercial Interests of the (Country generally, many 
facilities, in the payments for GOODS, and sale of STOCK, 
which were much wanted, by the constantly growing impor- 
tance, especially, of our foreign transactions. 

BANK DIRECTORS, FOR 1839. 

1. Thomas Dunlap, 11. John Connell, 

2. John J. Vanderkemp, 1'2. Manuel Eyre, 

3. John Bohlen, 13. Ambrose White, 

4. Caleb Cope, 14. Richard Price, 

5. Cheyney Hickman, 15. Matthew Newkirk, 

G. John A. Brown, IG. John Andrew Shulze, 

7. Joseph R. Ingersoll, 17. Thomas Smith, 

8. Richard Alsop, 18. Richard B. Jones, 

9. Joseph Cabot, 19. George SheafT. 
10. Lewis Wain, 20. John Kirkbride. 

THOMAS DUNLAP, President. 
J. COWPERTHWAITE, Cashier. 
JOHN ANDREWS, 1st. Assistant Cashier. 

2d. 

HERMAN COPE, 3d. « 



Officers of DISCOUNT, and DEPOSIT, in Pennsylvania : 

Pittsburg, JAMES CORRY, Cashier. 

New Brighton, (Beaver Co.) W. II. DENNY, 
Erie P. BENSON, 



.r"^""~" 64 

BANK AGENCIES. 

London, SAMUEL JAUDON, Esq. 

Boston, S. FROTHINGHAM. 

New York, Bank of U.S. M. ROBINSON, President. 

Mobile GEORGE FOE, Jun. 

St. Louis, H. S. COXE 

N. Orleans, Merchant's Bk. W. W. FRAZER. 



The splendid marble edifice, in which the business of this 
Institution is transacted, is situated in one of the finest locations 
in the City, having two fronts, one on the north, facing Chesnut 
Street, and one, on the south, facing Library Street, each orna- 
mented, with eight heavy fluted columns, of the Doric order, 
supporting a heavy entablature, of the same order. It stands 
entirely isolated, and the light is received, in the principal bank- 
room, and other apartments, from the sides, facing east and west. 

The ascent to the vestibule on Chesnut Street, is made, by a 
range of marble steps, of the entire width of the front of the Bank, 
and on Library Street, by a similar range of steps, obstructed at 
the entrance, by an ornamented iron railing. 

The view of the Bank, from Chesnut Street is greatly IM- 
PROVED, by its elevation and recession, from the Street, and 
in connection with the new edifice of marble, recently erected, 
for the PHILADELPHIA BANK, forms a spectacle, highly 
satisfactory, to the connoisseur in architecture. 

At night, the fronton Chesnut Street, is illuminated by gas 
lights, placed in the rear of the columns, which has a very agreea- 
ble effect, and presents it as an object that cannot escape at- 
tention, at all times. The front, on Library Street, has been 
much improved, by the recent erection of an edifice, on each side 
of the Bank, designed as residences, for officers of the Bank, so 
arranged in their architectural proportions, as to enrich the ap- 
pearance of the front of the Bank, on this street. 



C>5 

T!ie original cost of this edifice, and the property on which it 
is situated, was nearly FIVE HUNDRED THOUSAND DOL- 
LARS. 

THE OLD BANK OF THE UNITED STATES, 

Was located in South Third Street, below Che^nut Street, and 
after the cessation of its charter, in 1811, it was occupied by the 
late STEPHEN GHIARD, as his Banking House, until his 
demise, at which time, by his WILL, it became the property 
of the City. It is now occupied, by the GHIARD BANK. 

This building has an elegant portico, with fluted (marble) pil- 
lars, of the Corinthian order, on the sides of which are wings, 
with pilasters, the whole front being faced with marble, and the 
portico on the front and sides, having an ample range of marble 
steps. The cornice and pediment, are of wood work, and sup- 
port an American Eagle. The building of this elegant edifice, 
was commenced, in 1795, and it was the first public structure, 
erected with a portico and pillars, in Philadelphia. Its appear- 
ance has been recently, much ini])roved, by suitable repairs. 



THE BANK OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

This elegant edifice is built entirely of marble, from an adjoin- 
ing county, its principal front is on Second Street, and its rear 
on Dock Street, from both of which, it recedes sufficiently to shew 
to advantage, two porticos, each formed by six marble columns, 
of the Ionic order. The piincipal banking room is forty-five feet 
in diameter, and it is covered with a marble roof; some of the 
blocks, comprising which, are of seven tons weight, and sur- 
mounted with a cupola, with eight windows, which assists in 



66 

lighting the banking room. The staircases are all of marble, and 
the whole interior, except the doors, windows, floors, and counters, 
are incombustible. This building has been much admired, by 
strangers and connoisseurs, for its correct proportions, and general 
effect. 

PHILADELPHIA BANK. 

This building has an elegant portico, with fluted columns of 
the Corinthian order, resting on a base, and flanked with wings, 
all of fine marble. The basement is occupied for merchants' 
Stores, and the banking rooms are in the Second Story. This 
bank, in connexion with the bank of the United States, forms one 
of the greatest ornaments of Philadelphia, and reflects great credit 
on WILLIAM STRICKLAND, Esq. the architect of the two 
elegant structures, above mentioned. The site of this bank was 
formerly occupied by a durable structure, in pure Gothic style. 



LOCATION, AND CAPITAL OF BANKS. 

PENNSYLVANIA BANK. 

Second Street, near Walnut. Incorporated 30th of March, 

1793. Capital, $2,500,000. 

Joseph P. Norris, President. 
Joseph Trotter, Cashier. 
Agencies are established in Tennessee, Virginia, and also, in 
several parts of Pennsylvania. 



PHILADELPHIA BANK. 
S. W. Corner of Chesnut and Fourth Streets. Incorporated 

in 1804. Capital $2,000,000. 

John Read, President. 
John B. Trevor, Cashier. 



67 

GIRARD BANK. 
Third Street, below Chesnut. Chartered, in 1832 : Extended 

1836. Capital, $.3,000 000. 

James Schott, President. 
W. D. Lewis, Cashier. 



SCHUYLKILL BANK. 
Market and Sixth Streets. Chartered 1814. Capital, $1,000,000. 

William Meredith, President. 
Hosea J. Levis, Cashier. 

FARMERS AND MECHANICS' BANK. 
Chesnut, near Fourth Street, north side. Incorporated 1824. 

Capital, $1,250,000. 

Joseph Tagert, President, 
William Patton, Jr. Cashier. 

BANK OF NORTH AMERICA. 

North side of Chesnut Street, west of Third Street. Charter- 
ed by Congress, 1781. Capital, $1,000,000. 

Henry Nixon, President. 
Henry Hollingsworth, Cashier. 
KT This is the oldest BANK, in the United States. 



MECHANICS' BANK, 
(Of the City and County, of Philadelphia.) 
West side of South Third Street, near Market. Chartered 
1814. Capital, ...... $1,000,000. 

Lemuel Lamb, President. 
J. B. Mitchell, Cashier. 



68 

COMMERCIAL BANK, OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

North side of Market Street, east of Third Street. Chartered 
1814. Renewed 1836. Capital, .... $1,000,000. 

James Dundas, President. 
Benjamin P. Smith, Cashier. 



BANK OF THE NORTHERN LIBERTIES. 
North side of Vine, near Third Street. Incorporated 1813. 

Capital, $500,000. 
Jonathan Knight, President. 
R. L. Pitfield, Cashier. 



MANUFACTURERS & MECHANICS' BANK. 
N. W. corner of Vine and Third Streets. Chartered 183*2. 

Capital, . . . $600,000. 
Thomas H. Craige, President. 
James Hunt, Cashier. 

WESTERN BANK. 
South side of Market Street, above Ninth. Chartered 1832. 

Capital, $500,000. 
George Troutman, President. 
M. E. Israel, Cashier. 

MOYAMENSING BANK. 
Southeast corner of Second and Chesnut Streets. Incorporated 

1832. Capital, $250,000. 

Joseph Solms, President, 
J. Heston, Cashier. 



69 

BANK OF PENN TOWNSHIP. 
N. W. corner of Sixth and Vine Streets. Incorporated 1S26. 

Capital, $250,000. 
Elijah Dallett, President. 
Jacob Frick, Cashier. 

SOUTHWARK BANK. 

Second Street, below South Street. Chartered 1525. 

Capital, $250,000. 

I. Sparks, President. 

Joseph S. Smith, Cashier. 



KENSINGTON BANK. 

(Situated in Kensington.) 

Chartered for 15 years, from 1836. Capital, . $250,000. 

Jonathan Wainvvright, President. 
Charles Keen, Cashier. 

STATE BANK OF CAMDEN, (N. J.) 
(Office, No. 12 Church Alley.) 

Chartered 1812. Capital, $300,000. 

Richard M. Cooper, President 
Robert W. Ogden, Cashier. 

XT' Many of the buildings occupied by the foregoing banks, 
are structures highly ornamental to the neighborhood, in which 
they arc located, especially the Commercial, the Mechanics, and 
the Southwark Bank, each of which have marble fronts ; and the 
isolated situations of the Penn Township and the Manufacturers 
and Mechanics' Banks, render them neat and ornamental. 



70 

[JZr* It will also be seen, by the foregoing list of Banks in 
this City, that the aggregate Bank Capital of Philadelphia, is 
FIFTY THREE MILLIONS, AND FIFTY THOUSAND 
DOLLARS, an amount, that must secure to the Capital of this 
COMMERCIAL EMPORIUM, its due influence in all Financial 
OPERATIONS. 

UZr' It will likewise be noticed, that the Capital of several 
of the Banks, is sufficiently extensive for them to afford powerful 
auxiliary aid to the Bank of the United States, in maintaining a 
SOUND CURRENCY throughout the Country, a measure, 
that must be desirable, to ALL SOUND BANKING INSTI- 
TUTIONS, and one, that the Banks of Philadelphia have already 
shown their power and disposition, to secure. 

lO^ The Bank Capital of Philadelphia is so large, and so 
judiciously exercised, that her commercial prosperity may be con- 
sidered, as based on the broadest and most permanent FOUNDA- 
TION. 



71 




STATE HOUSE. 



In the early days of Pennsylvania History, her Legislature held 
their Sessions in private houses ; the first place occupied for tiiat 
purpose, was situated in Front Street, above xMuIberry Street, 
on the bank side ; and for many years a house, situated in Front 
Street, below Walnut was occupied for the same purpose. In 
1729, the Legislature resolved to build, for their particular ac- 
commodation, the present venerable Structure, situated on the 
south side ofChesnut Street, between Fifth and Sixth Streets, and 
appointed Commissioners, to purchase the ground, and execute 
the design of the Assembly, which was completed in 1735, at a 
cost of SIX THOUSAND POUNDS, Pennsylvania currency. 



72 

It was originally ornamented with a Steeple, which having de- 
cayed, was removed, about the close of the Revolutionary War ; 
and the base of the steeple continued to present to view, the 
naked tower, until 18'28, when the present steeple was erected, 
after the design of the original structure. 

In this building the Congress of the United States (when Phila- 
delphia was not in possession of the English) sat, during the war 
of the revolution, up to 1782, at which time, a few soldiers be- 
coming clamorous for their pay, it was deemed prudent to sit in 
another place. Congress sat in the East Room of the fiist story, 
recently restored to its primitive appearance, and ornamented with 
a STATUE, OF THE FATHER OF HIS COUNTRY:— 
In this Room the DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 
was passed, on the 4th of July, 1776, (afterwards pi'oclaimed, 
from the State House steps) and the CONVENTION, that form- 
ed the CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES, held 
their Sessions, in 1787. The Political Association, which will be 
excited by this Hall, will swell every Patriotic Heart, and the 
glorious prospects of this country, and the influence that she will 
exert, on the nations of the earth, will be referred to transactions 
within its venerated Walls. The West Room on the same floor, 
is now occupied for the Sessions of the Mayor's Court ; and the 
rooms formerly occupied by PEALE'S MUSEUM, in the Second 
story, are now used for the sittings of the District and Circuit 
COURTS OF THE UNITED STATES. 

In the steeple is placed a superior Clock, made by Mr. Lukens, 
which indicates the Ti3ie, with accuracy, and records it, on a 
Ground Glass Dial, capable of being illuminated at night. — 
The hours are struck on a very heavy Bell, fixed in the steeple, 
which is also used, to indicate the existence and direction of 
FIRES, to ascertain which, and give the ALARM, a Watch- 
man is always in the steeple. 



73 

The following arrangement is employed, to give intelligence to 
the citizens, of the DIRECTION OF FIRES. 

REGULATIONS OF THE STATE HOUSE BELL. 

DO^ When the fire is in the vicinity of the State House, the 
Bell is struck rapidly, without any distinct intermission. When 
North of the State House, One blow is given, with a distinct 
pause, between each repetition. When South, Two blows are 
given. When East, Three. When West, Four. When the 
Fire is North-cast, One blow is given, followed by a distinct pause, 
then Three blows, in quick succession. When North-west, One, 
Four. When South-east, Two, Three. When South-west, 
Two, Four. 

Besides, the BELL employed for the foregoing purposes, the 
old bell, cast purposely for the edifice, when first erected, is care- 
fully preserved in the tower of the steeple. This Bell was cast, 
many years before the Declaration of Independence, and bears 
upon it the following inscription, PROPHETIC OF ITS USE, 
TO ANNOUNCE THAT IMPERISHABLE MANIFESTO ! 
" Proclaim LIBERTY, throughout this Land, unto all the in- 
habitants thereof" 

Leviticus, XXV. chap. v. 10. 



OFFICES OF THE COURTS. 

On each side of the State House is erected, buildings of two 
stories in height, having the appearance of wings to the main 
building ; — these are occui)ied, (even to the cellars) as OlHccs for 
Law Courts, and Depositories for the Records, and Documents, 
in relation to the County of Philadelphia : Their crowded condi- 
tion, as well as the inadequate accommodation, which the Courts 
of Law now have, indicate the necessity, of a speedy erection of 
NEW Court Houses, Offices of Courts, «&c. 



74 
COUNTY COURT HOUSE. 

On the South-wast corner of Independence Square is erected, a 
brick building, two stories in height, intended for the County, 
District, Criminal, Oyer and Terminer, and Supreme COURTS, 
of Pennsylvania, It has two Court Rooms in each story, and 
contains also a room, for the use of the LAW LIBRARY, of the 
gentlemen of the PHILADELPHIA BAR. 



COUNCIL CHAMBERS, MAYOR'S OFFICES, &c. 

On the North-east corner of Independence Square is situated, 
the building designed to accommodate the City Councils, the 
Mayor, Police Officers, and other Functionaries, connected with 
the administration of the City Government. This building, as 
well as that on the opposite corner, is ornamented with a cupola 
and vane, and immediately in its rear, on Fifth Street, is erected 
the HALL of the AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCI- 
ETY, now occupied by theATHli:NAEUM,and that Institution. 



INDEPENDENCE SaUARE. 

Immediately South of the Old State House, on which it fronts, 
stands Independence Square, so named, in consequence of the 
DECLARATION having been (publicly) made from the steps 
of the State House. This Square is laid out in straight, and ser- 
pentine walks ; and greatly improved, with many valuable, and 
ornamental, aged, and young Trees, in a state of good preserva- 
tion. It is laid out in grass-plats, and surrounded by an iron rail- 
ing, with principal entrances, with marble gate posts, on Wal- 
nut and Chesnut Streets. 



75 



From the Steeple of the State House, interesting (Panoramic) 
Views of the City, Public Squares, River Delaware, and beauti- 
ful scenery, of the surrounding country, jiavc been taken, and 
published by Mr. J. T. Bowen, at his Lithographic press, in 
Walnut Street, near Fourth. 



DEAF AND DUMB ASYLUiM. 




•555. 1*1 SS! 

Sin !l! ^1 

SL'i >3« m 







This Benevolent Institution was incorporated, in 1821, and 
the buildintr erected for the accommodation of its interesting in- 
mates, was completed in the autumn of 1825. It is located at the 
corner of Broad and Pine Streets, and the building presents a 
portico with four columns, and two pilasters, of the Doric order, 
on each side of which, is a wing, extending back, the whole being 
built of stone. The Institution has constantly continued to thrive 
having received aid from this State, and provision having been 
made by New Jersey, and Maryland, for the accommodation of 



76 

the indigent Deaf and Dumb of those States. Additional build- 
ings have recently been erected, on the rear of the lot. 

The Department of Education is conducted by a Principal 
teacher, aided by six instructors, two of whom are mutes. The 
boys are generally taught some mechanic trade, and the girls are 
employed in occupations, suitable to their sex, and condition. 
Pupils above ten years of age, are received at One Hundred and 
Thirty Dollars per year, including every thing, except clothing. 

According to the requirements of the Charter, the Institution 
for the Deaf and Dumb, presented to the Legislature of Pennsyl- 
vania, their annual Report, on the first of January last, from 
which, it will be seen, that " ONE HUNDRED AND SEVEN 
Pupils were in the establishment, at that time, and EIGHT 
mutes employed, as permanent assistants, making the whole 
amount 115. 

wholly, (or in part) by this State, 
by Maryland, 
by New Jersey, 
by the Institution, 
by their Friends. 
27 have been admitted within the last year. And 
14 have left the Institution. 

The appartments in progress, have been completed, and an ad- 
ditional story placed on the school room, for the purpose of pro- 
viding a secure place, for the Apparatus, Specimens, &c. used 
in the Department of Instruction." 



62 


are supported, 


15 


(( 


12 


(( 


2 


(t 


16 


a 



77 
UNITED STATES' MINT. 

This valuable Institution, was established, in 1792, and its 
operations commenced in Seventh Street, nearly opposite to Zane 
Street. 

In 1829, provisions were made, for extending the operations 
of the Mint, and the present elegant marble edifice, with Ionic 
columns, facing on Penn Square, on the North — and on Chesnut 
Street on the South, was commenced. 

The building is constructed, with a large Central Court-yard, 
and covered with a roof of copper, being also, otherwise, fire- 
proof. The North and South aspects, present a front of 123 
feet, 60 of which is occupied by a portico, with six Ionic columns, 
and the East and West sides extend 204 feet, to Penn Square. 

The arrangements for refining the precious metals are, on an 
extensive, and greatly improved plan ; — these, with the powerful 
machinery, moved by steam, used in rolling the ingots, and 
stamping and milling the various coins, render the MINT, an 
object, worthy of particular attention, to the citizens, as well as 
visiting strangers. 

In a national point of view, however, the Mint will always be 
regarded, as one of the most IMPORTANT INSTITUTIONS, 
as the QUALITY OF OUR CURRENCY,— (which is essen- 
tially connected, with every form of business) will chiefly depend, 
upon the PURITY, AND EXTENT OF ITS OPERATIONS. 



78 



Statement of the Coinage, at the MINT 
STATES, Philadelphia, in the 



Denominations. Pieces. 

Gold. 

Eagles, 7,200 

Half Eagles, 286,588 

Quarter Eagles, .... 47,030 

Silver. 

Half Dollars, . . . 3,546,000 
Quarter Dollars, . . 83'i,000 

Dimes, 1,992,500 

Half Dimes, .... 2,255,000 

Copper. 

Cents, 6,370,200 

Whole number of Pieces, 



Pieces 



OF THE UNITED 
Year 1838. 

Value. Value. 



72,000 

1,432,940 

117,575 



340,818 



8,625,500 



15,336,518 



1,622,515 



1,773,000 
208,000 
199,250 
112,750 



2,293,000 



63,702 
Total, $3,979,217 



ROBERT M. PATTERSON, Director. [JACOB R. ECKFELDT, Assayer. 
WILLIAM FINDLAY, Treasurer. WILLIAM KNEASS, Engraver. 
ADAM ECKFELDT, Chief Coiner. WM. E. DU BOIS, Assistant Assayer. 
rRAJ>fKLIN PEALE, Melter Sf iJe/ner-ICHRISTIAN GOBRECHT, Ast. Engr. 



iO©<^^9w' 



PHILADELPHIA ZOOLOGICAL INSTITUTE. 

Established in Chesnut Street, near Ninth, at the building 
erected by Mr. Cook, for a Circus, is an extensive Collection, of 
the finest specimens of NATURAL HISTORY, selected at 
great expense, in various quarters of the world. The number and 
beauty of the various specimens of LIVING ANIMALS and rep- 
tiles, has never been surpassed in the United States, and will 
compare with any other Collection whatever. This Exhibition 
will be continued through the winter seasons, and is made instruc- 
tive and agreeable, by the polite attention of the Proprietors and 
superintendents, who make the visitors acquainted with all the 
facts, relative to^these extraordinary and rare animals. 



79 



THE GIRAFFE, OR CAMELEOPARD 




Is one of the greatest wonders of the animal Kingdom, admired 
for its great height, singular proportions, and remarkable agility. 
The specimen of this rare animal, entirely answers the public ex- 
pectation : — It was obtained from Africa, at great expense. 

The Cape Lion, the Royal Bengal Tiger, the Leopards, Ja- 
guars, and Panthers, are superior specimens, of the feline species. 
The Elephants, Asiatic Rhinoceros, African Zebra, Eland, of 
Central Africa, great Sloth Bear, of Hindosten, white Polar Bear, 
African Gnu, grizzley Bears, from the Rocky mountains, Peru- 
vian Lama, Hyenas, Texan Buffalo, Camel and Dromedary, a 
variety of Gigantic and rare Birds, and several of the largest, and 
most splendid Serpents, from various parts of the world, render 
this Institute worthy of the continuance of liie extensive patronage 



80 

it has received. The Proprietors, Messrs. June, Titus, Ange- 
BiNE, & Co. deserve particular commendation, for the ample 
room, provided for the (securely) confined Animals, and the good 
order and cleanliness, of their interesting establishment. 




HORTICULTURE, NURSERIES, &c. 

In the city and neighborhood of Philadelphia, much attention 
has been paid to Horticulture, both in the gardens of private 
gentlemen, and in public nurseries. The splendid private resi- 
dence of the late HENRY PRATT, Esq. known as LEMON 
HILL, formerly the residence of ROBERT MORRIS, Esq. de- 
ceased, has been long celebrated, for the number and beauty, of 
the exotics, contained in its hot-houses. 

Messrs. Landreths', M'Aranns', Euists', Hibberts', and other 
similar establishments, are well known Nurseries, and celebrated, 
for ornamental, and useful Flowers, Fruits, Plant, Trees, &c. 
The Garden, established in Kingsessing, by Mr. BARTRAM, 
(long since deceased,) is still continued, in a state of improvement : 
Here, a large collection of native American trees and plants, 
and a great variety of grapes, and a profusion of flowers, &c. 
may be found. The grounds are arranged, to favor the growth 
of aquatic plants, by the introduction of pools of water : This an- 
cient and beautiful public garden is pleasantly situated on the 
margin of the Schuylkill river, and contains a gigantic Cypress 
Tree, and many others, of great age and beauty ; and is well 
worthy of attention, and patronage. 



81 

Here also, may be viewed, in its flowering season, the curious 
and rare plant, with an immense flower and leaves, of sufficient 
size, when spread, to support a small aquatic Bird, known as 
the LOTUS (or sacred Bean) of India. 

HORTICULTURAL EXHIBITIONS. 

The splendid specimens, afforded by the Public Gardens, Nur- 
series, and private seats of gentlemen, in the neighborhood of 
this City, are annually exhibited, at the Masonic Hall, under the 
superintendence of the HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, and 
on such occasions, those w^ho are fond of plants and flowers, 
among whom the ladies are foremost, assemble in great numbers. 
The best specimens of Vegetables, Fruits, Flowers, &c. secure to 
their owners, a public notice, and suitable premiums or rewards. 



MERCHANTS' EXCHANGE. 

This magnificent building is situated, on the corner of Walnut 
and Third Streets. It is erected from the purest Pennsylvania 
marble, from a design of NYilliam Strickland, Esq. the well 
known able Architect, of this city. The reader need not be 
told, that " the Exchange" is the place, where " Merchants 
congregate." Hence, the apartments of this noble edifice, are 
mostly occupied, by appropriate establishments. The Post Office 
is upon the first floor, occupying about two-fifths of the whole 
ground. On Walnut Street side, there are many splendid offices, 
for Insurances, and other purposes. The Reading-Room, con- 
ducted by J. Coffee, Esq. the worthy Superintendent, is direct- 
ly over the post office department. The splendid Rotunda, is 
upon the same floor, in the east end of the edifice ; it is most 
beautifully ornamented, with designs, by the distinguished Italian 
painter, Monaciiesi. The floor is inlaid, in beautiful Mosaic 



8-2 

work, upon which rest four elegant marble columns, superbly 
wrought. Above, is the splendid CUPOLA, from which, is a 
delightful View, of the commercial operations of the city, upon 
the river Delaware. From the Rotunda, the spectator passes to 
a handsome BALCONY, formed by a semi-circle of Corinthian 
pillars, fronting Dock Stieet, where the great western railroad 
passes this commercial portion of the city. The rest of the build- 
ing is occupied by brokers, the board of trade, chamber of com- 
merce, and various other apartments. 

According to the early annals of the city. Dock Street, on which 
this splendid edifice is now erected, was the bed of a flowing 
stream of water, on the margin of which, was an Indian set- 
tlement. 

The entrance lo the Rotunda, from Dock Street is made, by 
semi-circular flights of marble steps, on the North and South sidesr 
both of which, are guarded by gigantic lions. The whole, when 
viewed in connexion with the portico, from an advantageous po- 
sition in Dock Street, forms a very grand and pleasant object. — 
The marble pavement, beneath the portico on the east front, has 
been removed, and one of asphaltum and ornamental pebbles in- 
termixed in its substance, substituted. 



DUNN'S CHINESE COLLECTION, 

Corner of Ninth and George Streets. 

This immense Collection, which has been brought together, by 
the enterprise and industry, of one of our most wealthy and re- 
spectable citizens, NATHAN DUNN, Esq. far surpasses any 
other known illustration, of the peculiarities of the singular peo- 
ple of the great Chinese Empire. 

This extraordinary Exhibition pourtraying the Religious Rites, 
Manners, Customs, Habits, Commerce, Arts, Natural History, 



83 




CHINESE PAr.ODA, OR TEMPLi: 



85 

Architecture, «fec. &c. of the CHINESE, has been made, at 
an enormous expense, during the residence there, of Mr. Dunm, 
of Eight Years, which transports you, at it were, at once, to 
China. The PAINTINGS alone, occupy several hundred frames, 
which afFord an admirable view of all their peculiarities ; the pro- 
cess of preparing Silk, the culture of Tea, their Insects, Flowers, 
Birds, Pish, Animals, &c. displayed by native Artists. The 
effect of these highly colored Paintings, is much exalted, and the 
whole is increased, by the likenesses of men, well known in Can- 
Ion, as Mandarins, Merchants, Artificers, Coolies, &c. about CO of 
the most natuiaj figures, ever produced by art, as large as life. 

There is a large Chinese room, filled with real furniture, divided 
from the Saloon, by a superb trellace-work screen, the gorgeous 
splendor of which, has never been surpassed, by any thing ex- 
hibited in this country. The entrance screen, and other similar 
ornaments, are alone, worth a visit to the Collection. 

The porcelain is of a character, for elegance and finish, that 
defies description. 

The models of cities, bridges, boats, lanterns, implements of 
art, and husbandry, minerals, shells, and an almost innumerable 
variety of other articles, would swell their description, into an 
extensive catalogue. 

The space occupied by the CHINESE COLLECTION, will 
enable persons, who have not seen it, to form an imperfect esti- 
mate of its extent : It entirely fills a room, of 156 feet in length, 
by 70 feet wide. 

The City of Philadelphia, and the public generally, are largely 
indebted to the very enterprising PROPRIETOR of this wonder- 
ful COLLECTION, as well as to Messrs. W. W. Wood, and 
William B. Lanodon, and other gentlemen, who have afforded 
their AID, in perfecting the Scientific Aurangement, of this un- 
paralleled COLLECTION. 

When it is considered, that the most of the CURIOSITIES of 
the Chinese Empire, are entirely beyond the reach, of even thoae. 



86 



who have visited her cities, and that of those who have travelled 
in the Eastern parts of Asia, comparatively few have had free 
access, to the interior of China, the intelligent public will be able 
to appreciate the value of the CURIOSITIES OF CHINA, and 
properly estimate the expense and labor, attendant on forming 
this immense Collection. 

Every lover of RARE Curiosities, and every one who takes 
pleasure in accurate knowledge, will here find, in a few hours, 
that which cannot be procured, from reading, views from engrav- 
ings, or even an actual visit to China. The transporting of an East- 
ern Nation, so long a MYSTERY, and a PROBLEM, to be seen, 
by the people of the West, has been well denominated, by one of 
our most useful citizens, an EPOCH, in the annals of Curiosities. 

DCt' This Collection is already, so well known, out of the 
CITY, that parties, frequently are formed, in neighboring cities, 
and villages, purposely, to visit it. 




^A'.Cpf:n!W^,\'^--f:^'-^^s^ 



GEN. LA FAYETTE'S VISIT TO AMERICA. 

The visit of this distinguished native of France, whose youthful 
blood has mingled with the soil of Pennsylvania, was marked by 



87 

the highest honors of(his city, and tiic warmest acts of friendship 
and love, on the part of the military, all the distinguished Societies, 
and the Citizens, generally. 

An ininiensc concourse of citizens and stranjiers assembled, on 
the day of his entrance into Philadelphia, in Sept. 1824: And 
he was greeted by salutes from artillery, Addresses, ifec. by dis- 
tinguished individuals, in the names of the numerous Associations 
represented. In Fourth Street, near Vine, on his passing the 
limits of the city, 24 young ladies, attired alike, representing the 
24 STATES, presented an ODE, commcniorative of the oc- 
casion ; and on his arrival at the Old State House, w here a tri- 
umphal arch was temporarily constructed, he was received at the 
HAI.L or INDEPENDENCE, which was fitted up, as a re- 
ceiving room, for the NATIONS' GUEST, by the City Autho- 
rities, and welcomed to the hospitality and friendship of the citi- 
zens. Ample provision was made for the splendid entertainment 
of the venerable General, and his accompanying son and friends, 
at Mr. Head's superb (Mansion House) Hotel, in South Third 
Street ; and in order to enable the distinguished advocate of free- 
dom, to hold intimate communion with all the citizens, the Hall 
of Independence was suitably prepared, for a LEVEE Koom, 
in which, for several hours, the General, every day of his sojourn, 
in the city, received the inhabitants, male and female, young and 
old, without distinction. 

The war-worn veterans of the Revolution, from the neighbor- 
hood, assembled to greet their companions in arms, and arranged 
themselves in a group, which, from its venerable character, and 
its associations, called to mind, was one of the most striking inci- 
dents of the occasion. They assembled in the vestibule of the 
United States' Bank. Gen. La Fayette was seated in a splendid 
barouch, drawn by four elegant horses, accompanied by the late 
Judge PETERS, of Revolutionary memory. 

The day of his arrival was uncommonly pleasant, and notwith- 
standing the immense concourse of people, the splendid military 
parade, salutes, «&:c. and a general ILLUMINATON of the city, 
on the evening of his arrival, no event occurred, to mar the joy- 
ful feelinffs of the occasion. 



88 
PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL. 

This is one of the best endowed Institutions in America. The 
good FOUNDER of PHILADELPHIA, (WILLIAM PENN), 
gave a large lot of land to it, which rose, in a succession of years, 
so richly in value, as to render the Institution, with its other vast 
resources, very bountifully provided for. 

It is said that the present structure was FOUNDED, (principal- 
ly) through the efforts of the immortal FRANKLIN :— The dona- 
tion of Penn, having been given to the original and less etablish- 
ment, the East wing was erected in 1755 ; — the West wing in 
1796, and the centre, in 1804. 

The Institution stands, with its principal entrance, on Pine 
Street. There is a beautiful circular area in front, with elegant 
shrubberry, with highly ornamental Sycamore Trees ; in the 
centre of which, is a colossal STATUE of William Penn. 

The lot enclosed, embraces the entire Square, bounded by 
Eighth, Ninth, Spruce and Pine Streets. Behind the main build- 
ing, is a unique little structure, erected on purpose, to receive 
WEST'S celebrated PAINTING, of "Christ Healing the Sick," 
which that artist painted and Presented to the Institution, 
where it is to remain, as a noble MONUMENT, to speak of the 
triumphs of the " QUAKER BOY, OF CHESTER COUNTY." 
There is a niche, in this neat little edifice, and one could have 
wished, that long ere this, a Statue of WEST, had been placed 
there, by those, who cherish the FAME, and BENEVOLENCE 
of our distinguished countryman. 

INSANE DEPARTMENT. 
Connected with the Hospital, is an ASYI^UM, for the Insane, 
a Lying-in Hospital, for married women ; a Surgical Department; 
and a large and elegant LIBRARY. Strangers, (almost always) 
visit the Hospital, to inspect its neat, excellent, and numerous 
apartments, to view the interesing Painting, and the fine prospect, 
of the City, and its environs, which is afforded from the top of 
this capacious and elegant edifice. 

/. T. Boweri's Lithographic Press. 



89 

It is contemplated to remove the Lunatic department of tlie 
PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL, to the West of the river Schuyl- 
kill, where suitable buildings, for the accommodation of the IN- 
SANE, are now erecting : This arrangement will greatly increase 
the usefulness of the Institution, by enlarging and improving 
the means, for the treatment of the Insane, which can be better 
accomplished in the immediate vicinity of the country, than in a 
situation, which will soon be entirely surrounded, by the rapidly 
extending buildings of the city; and the portion of the Hospital, 
which has heretofore, been appropriated to the accommodation of 
the Insane, can be employed, for the increasing Surgical, and 
other Hospital demands, incidental to this rapidly growing city. 

The Hospital contains 130 rooms, is attended by the first Phy- 
sicians, and supplied with the best nurses, and the charges for 
board, all things considered, is lower than accommodations could 
be obtained in private families. Rigid rules are adopted, to pre- 
serve the rights, and feelings of the patients. Its situation is so 
salubrious, that during the prevalence of the epidemic Yellow 
Fever, no patient was attacked within its walls. 

The average number of patients during the last year, was 202, 
whole number in the course of the year, I24C. — From the com- 
mencement of the Hospital, in 1752, up to the present time, 
35,646 patients have been received, of whom 18,979 were poor, 
maintained and treated, at the expense of the Institution ; of the 
whole number, 3,789 have died. The annual expense is, about 

$32,000. Total amount received, for Board, from patients, 

$19,724 91. 



Persons of Distinction, Visitors of Philadelphia. 

General WASHINGTON resided in this city, during his Presi- 
dency, and occupied a house, on the South side of Market Street, 
near Sixth. Mr. MUNROE made a visit to this city, when Pre- 



90 

sident of the United States, in 1S17 : Gen. JACKSON, in the 
same capacity, honored the city with a visit, in 1833. WILLIAM 
IV, when Duke of Clarence, Gen. La FAYETTE, LOUIS 
PHILLIPPE, King of the French, TALLEYRAND, VOLNEY, 
and other distinguished Frenchmen, have been sojourners within 
our limits. 

In 1833, public attention and sympathy were excited, by a 
visit from the subdued, and 

CAPTIVE CHIEFTAIN BLACK HAWK. 




^" '^raiite;»v.,v.-' 



" '^^%0^^ 



The TWO VIEWS of the Head and Face of the celebrated 
INDIAN CHIEF BLACK HAWK, are introduced, as a me- 



91 

mento, of the deceased Warrior, and to demonstrate, some of 
the positions, assumed by Phrenologists : A reference to the fol- 
lowing phrenological head, (page 93) will show, under the parti- 
cular numbers surrounding the head, the faculties indicated, by the 
head of Black Ilawk : and on reference to his history, the mental 
qualities of that Chieftain, will be found to sustain the phrenolo- 
gical character, as declared from an examination of his head. 



31. 
24- 





:l|ii!!!l 



"■i^^J'lf" 









^ J 



",./:.:y>y.' Li 



II" 






We here quote a part of Black Hawk's SPEECH, at 
" Prairie du Ciiiex," after he was taken prisoner. In this 
we have a summary of his character, and very striking traits of an 
INDIAN CIIICF AND CONQUERED WARRIOR. 



92 

" YOU have taken me a prisoner, with all my warriors. When 
" I saw, that I could not beat you, by Indian fighting, I deter- 
" mined to rush on you, and fight you face to face. I fought 
" hard — but your guns were well aimed ; the bullets flew like 
" birds in the air, and whizzed by our ears, like the wind through 
" the trees in the winter. My warriors fell around me ; — it be- 
" gan to look dismal. I saw my evil day at hand. The sun rose 
" dim on us in the morning, and at night it sunk in a dark cloud, 
" and looked like a ball of fire. That was the LAST SUN, that 
" shone on BLACK HAWK. His heart is dead, and no longer 
" beats quick in his bosom. He is now a prisoner to the white 
" men ; — they will do with him as they wish ; but he can stand 
" TORTURE, and is not afraid of DEATH ! He is no coward. 
" Black Hawk is an INDIAN. 

** He has done nothing, for which an Indian ought to be ashamed. 
" He has fought for his countrymen, the squaws, and papooses, 
" against whitemen, who came year after year, to cheat them, 
" and take away their lands. — He is satisfied ; — he will go to the 
" land of spirits contented ; he has done his duty ; his father will 
'* meet him there, and commend him. 

" Black Hawk is a true Indian, and disdains to cry, like a 
" woman. He feels for his wife, his children, and his friends ; — 

" But he does not care for himself. Farewell, my Nation ! 

" Black Hawk tried to save you, and avenge your wrongs. He 
" drank the blood of some of the whites. He has been taken prison- 
" er, and his plans are stopped ; he can do no more : He is near 
" end ; his sun is setting, and will rise no more ! FAREWELL 
" TO BLACK HAWK." ! ! ! 

[Cf As a decided indication of self-esteem, and veneration, 
displayed by Black Hawk, we have quoted the laconic address, 
he made to General JACKSON, the late President of the United 
States, at Washington, in 1833. 

" I AM A MAN ! AND YOU ARE ANOTHER." ! ! ! 



93 



20 
ISV'enerution. • 



':i \ 16 \t^7 



I'J 



• '«■/>, 



\ y" 11 



..\Hope. WW Wl>^$\ 
^ : ^ -Jfi \ 3*7 



23 i 3G 



'\ •-■■ *^ \ B I 21 ; ■: o ■■ " 

5 ••, _ . : Sublimity, t Ideality, .fui^pss.: % \B 

U -, Cautiousness. • i ■•' •■ v;. ■ e 

\ % - f ^, , •-... • ■_... 

r\. ..'•-- \ ^ •.. " I 20 \ ^"■•- ^? 

■/ 3 \ 10 I I constructive. /^•..^-•--•.. ( I 

l\ . ,. •■ Secreliveness.; g Acquisit- j "e. ; ^o \32 

' ■. Adhesive- / „ ; jveness. . f \ „,. ; ^amy. •,^*' 

■••. ness- /■ • os«- V ' ■ \ \ oi '' 

— : Tune. : ■. ,• ^ 




94 



PHRENOLOGY IN EUROPE. 

We enquire now, Avhat is the opinion, and decision, of distin- 
guished men in Great Britain, in regard to Phrenology ? The fol- 
lowing is the language of the Rev. Dr. Welsh, Professor of Church 
History, in the University of Eidnburgh, a man, among the 
first of his profession, and as we have been told, by one, person- 
ally known to the circumstances of his reputation, was highly 
popular, as a scientific Lecturer, in this department. 

" I have found the greatest benefit from this science, as a 
" minister of the gospel. I have been led to study the evidence of 
" Christianity anew, in connection with phrenology, and I feel my 
" confidence in the truth of our holy religion increased, by this 
" new examination. I have examined the doctrines of our church 
" also, one by one, and have found the most wonderful harmony, 
" subsisting between them. And, in dealing with my people, in 
" the ordinary duties of my calling, the practical benefit I have 
" derived from the science of phrenology, is inestimable." 



95 









THE WATER WORKS. 

The attention of the public to the necessity of a supply of pure 
water, was invited by the venerable FRANKLIN, and in his 
Will he directed, that when the interest arising from a legacy, 
which he left, for the benefit of young mechanics, amounted to a 
certain sum, it should be applied to that important object. Re- 
peated attacks of an awful epidemic, a growing conviction in the 
public mind, of the connexion between the cleanliness of the city 
and its health; of the utility of a copious supply of water, in cases 
of fire, and for culinary purposes ; and the deterioration of our 
pump water, owing to the infiltration from the increasing sources 
of impurities, becoming every year more perceptible, a general 
sentiment prevailed, that some measures should be pursued, to 
ensure an adequate supply. 

In 1797 petitions, signed by an unprecedented number of citi- 
zens, were presented to the City Councils, and their attention, in 
consequence, was efficiently directeil to the object. Various schemes 
were proposed, and among them, the formation of a reservoir, on 



96 

the banks of the Schuylkill, but after much deliberation, the plan 
of Mr. LATROBE, which embraced the erection of a marble 
building, at Centre (now PENN) SQUARli, with a reservoir, 
at an elevation of 50 feet, from the foundation, and the establish- 
ment of two Steam Engines, adequate to raise 3,000,000 gallons 
of water, every 24 hours, was adopted. 

Although the City Councils, in order to carry out the plan pro- 
posed, created a loan of $150,000, and otherwise manifested a 
proper spirit on the occasion, still from various causes, the project 
was but coldly received, and the enterprise, not actually com- 
menced until May, 1799 ; with however, the aid of a loan, from 
the Old Bank of the United States, the object was actively pur- 
sued ; and, on the 21st. of January, 1801, the first water was 
thrown into the City, about one mile of pipes being then laid 
down. A basin was formed at the Schuylkill, near the perma- 
nent Bridge, 84 feet wide, and 200 long, which communicated 
with the river, by an open canal, and was connected with a sub- 
terraneous tunnel, six feet in diameter, and three hundred feet 
long, to a shaft in a steam engine house, from which situation 
the water was raised to a brick tunnel, six feet in diameter, and 
one thousand, four hundred and eight yards long, passing up 
Chesnut Street to Broad, and thence to the centre engine house, 
where the water was raised, by the steam engine, to a reservoir, 
capable of holding sixteen thousand gallons. 

The Steam Engines at Schuylkill and Centre Square, were 
wrought with the best Virginia Coal, (our supplies of anthracite, 
at that time being unknown) and were constructed, after the 
plan of BOLTON &, WATT, with some improvement. 

The pipes or tubes of wood, which were at first laid down, 
were bored of a diameters, varying from 3 to 4^ inches, and con- 
nected at their joints, by cast iron cylinders, gradually sloped 
towards each end, in order to produce a tight joint, when the 
tubes were driven together. The length of tubes laid down in 
1811, exceeded thirty-five miles, and the quantity of water sup- 
plied at that time, exceeded (daily) 700,000 gallons. 



97 

The marble building, at Centre Square, after the erection of 
the present WATER WORKS, at FAlRMOUNT, was occu- 
pied for several years, as a Depository for Oil, employed in light- 
ing the City, it was removed about 8 years ago, and the Centre 
Square converted into the four Squares, now known as PENN 
SQUARE. 

FAIR MOUNT WATER WORKS. 

As a source of convenience, health, and safety, the citizens of 
Philadelphia cannot too highly estimate the present establishment, 
at Fair Mount, for watering the city. The erection of a dam, 
and the preparation of reservoirs, was commenced on the 19th of 
April, 1819. At the site of the dam, the river is about nine hun- 
dred feet wide, one fourth of which, on the eastern side is sup- 
posed to be a rock, covered with mud, and the remainder rock. 
The greatest depth is 30 feet, at high water, gradually gi owing 
shoal towards the western shore, where at the fall of the tide, 
usually about six feet below the high water mark, the rock is 
left bare. In consequence of the frequent occurrence of sudden 
and voilent freshets, it was necessary to construct a dam, of great 
strength, and place it in such a situation that it would most etlec- 
tually resist the greatest accumulation ol water in the Schuylkill. 
The dam rests on a foundation of cribs, formed of large timbers, 
50 feet in length, in the direction of the river, and 18 feet wide, 
firmly secured in their situation, by heavy stone, with which they 
are filled : these cribs are firmly secured to each other, and sup- 
port the planks and timbers, which form the dam. The materials 
placed above the dam, consisting of earth, stone, &c. form 
a base, with the wooden structure, of at least 150 feet, gradually 
sloping toward the top, at which place it is narrowed to about 
12 feet, and paved three feet below the summit, with building 
stone, to guard it from injury from ice, and washing by water. 
The whole length of the dam, which runs in a diagonal direction, 
from the eastern to the western shore, until it nearly reaches the 
latter, and then bends in an acute angle, running from the point to 



98 

the western shore, presents a surface of over 1,600 feet, which, al- 
though the structure has stood twenty years, yet displays the 
water falling, in an almost unbroken sheet, over its entire sur- 
face, even at mid-summer, when the Schuylkill has its lowest 
supply of water, at which time it is computed, that four hundred 
and forty millions of gallons of water are afforded by the river, 
every twenty-four hours, and it is estimated, (allowing for leak- 
age, waste, &c.) that forty gallons of water, acting upon the 
wheels, will raise one gallon into the reservoirs at the summit, 
and it follows from the calculation, that the reservoirs will afford 
a supply of eleven millions of gallons of water (daily) in the dry- 
est season of the year. 

On the west side of the river, there are erected a head-pier, and 
guard-locks, connected with a canal, 569 feet long, to two cham- 
ber locks, of six feet lift each, by which the navigation of the 
river is maintained, and the whole structure is guarded by a wall, 
and blocks of stone, placed towards the river. In constructing 
the eastern side, it was necessary to excavate solid rock, to the 
extent of 140 feet, parallel with the river, to form the site for the 
wheel-houses and other buildings, at the base of Fair Mount. The 
length of the mill race is 419 feet, and depth of excavation in its 
construction, varied from 16 to 60 feet, and caused an expense 
of over $10,000, for gunpowder, used in blasting the solid rock. 

At the upper part of the race is erected, three head-arches, 
which form a continuation of the dam, to the rock of the bank. — 
On the west side of the race, which is about 90 feet in width, the 
wheel-houses rest firmly on a solid rock, presenting structures of 
stone, 238 feet long, by 56 feet wide. The lower section is di- 
vided into twelve apartments, four of which are intended, for 
eight forcing pumps, the others, for foiebays, &c. all of which 
are arched with brick, and perfectly secure from the weather. — 
These apartments have a gallery on one side, which enables the 
spectators to see all the wheels at one view, and they are kept 
warm in winter, to preserve the wheels clear of ice. The wheels 
are made of wood, with shafts of iron, and are very heavy and 



99 

strong. The first wheel is capable of raising 1^ million of gallons 
of water, in 24 hours. The second, 1)^ million. The third 1^ 
million, and the others in the same ratio. At the summit, five 
basins have been constructed, which communicate with each other 
successively, affording an opportunity for the water to deposit 
earthy impurities, before it is transferred to the basin, communi- 
cating with the main pipes, leading to the city, and securing an 
ample supply at all limes, in emergencies, from fire, and other 
causes. 

The wooden pipes, at first laid down, have been (generally) re- 
placed with iron, and the extent of the latter, in the city and sur- 
rounding districts, is so great that they, at all times, contain a 
large body of pure water, in a state much cooler than water in the 
reservoirs. The public wells, fireplugs, and fountains are supplied 
from Fair Mount, manufactories, breweries, public and private 
baths, and public and private houses, are all supplied from the 
same source. The number of bathing-rooms, in private houses, 
exceeds 2,000. 

|C7" No City in the United States, and perhaps, no one in any 
part of the world, is better supplied with the inestimable blessing 
of PURE WATER, than PHILADELPHIA, and many of our 
atlantic cities would estimate an establishment similar to that of 
Fair Mount, could it be obtained, a cheap acquisition, at ten 
times its actual cost to this citv. 



PHILADELPHIA POST OFFICE. 

This very extensive establishment is in the Exchange Building, 
Corner of Third and Walnut Streets. 

The Office is open Daily, (except Sundays) for the transaction 
of business, from sunrise, until 8 o'clock, in the Evening. 

In conducting the business of the office, 22 clerks are employed, 



100 

and 15 carriers are appointed, for the delivery of letters in the 
city, and all parts of the adjoining districts. 

The annual revenue, in 1832, amounted to $125,000. 

In I83S, it had increase to $210,000. 

IX^ The number of letters received, and forwarded Daily, 
averages about 11,000. It is estimated that 20,000 packages of 
newspapers are Daily deposited, for distribution. 

JAMES PAGE, Post Master. 
Philadelphia, June 19, 1839. 



LITHOGRAPHY, 

The splendid National Work, on Indian History, is already 
well known. The Lithographic and coloring departments, was 
placed in the charge of Mr. Bowen, No. 94, Walnut Street : — 
The spirit and expression of the unique countenances delineated, 
as well as the style of their peculiar costumes, give entiie satis- 
faction, as the unqualified praise, given to this distinguished art- 
ist, both in Europe, and in this country, fully testifies. Col. M'- 
Kenny, and those associated with him in this Monument of Abo- 
riginal character, feel the benefit of Mr. Bo wen's skill, and put 
upon it a just appreciation. 

This Indian work furnishes constant employment for, more than 
thirty persons, over one half of whom, are females : Thus, while 
it promises to make ample returns, for the intellectual labour and 
research, bestowed upon it, a large number of persons draw from 
its publications, a comfortable support. 

Those who wish to see, with what accuracy, a first rate por- 
trait can be transferred to stone and printed, will do well to visit 
this extensive establishment : the copies so accurately resemble 
the original, as to defy discrimination. 



101 

Mr. BowEV is always polite to visitors, and takes pleasure in 
explaining to them the process of this beautiful and much admired 
art. 

Mr. BowEN has also, a large collection of ELEGANT PRINTS, 
(in colors) among which are, the celebrated PICTURE of the 
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, with all the accurate 
likenesses, delineated by Col. TRUMBULL, colored and sold, 
at the moderate price of TEN DOLLARS : Also, two elegant 
Views of FAIR MOUNT, all large size, just published. 

The style of ORNAMENTAL LETTERING deserves also, 
particular attention in this establishment; it certainly surpasses 
any that has met our view ; — for distinctness and beauty, it 
equals in all respects, a copper-plate engraving. 

The PANORAMA VIEWS of Philadelphia, lately published 
by Mr. Bowen, deserves public notice : It is a work of great 
beauty and accuracy, and considering the undertaking, is proba- 
bly, the cheapest work that was ever presented to the public, in 
this or any other country. The four principal VIEWS were 
taken from the steeple of the State House, and they embrace all 
the objects, immediately under the eye, as well as those, which 
present themselves on either side of the Delawai-e and Schuylkill 
rivers ; and the Delaware river is well displayed, gradually 
vanishing beneath the horison, towards the north and south. The 
various public buildings, and other objects of particular interest, 
immediately attract and gratify the beholders. 

Mr. Bowen's elegant DRAWING BOOKS, lately published 
by him, are also, very much admired, as a valuable work, for 
Juvenile Instruction, in the elegant and fashionable ART OF 
DRAWING. 



102 



Design for an Entrance to Monument Cemetery, on Broad Street. 




J. D. Jones, Archt. 



R. S. Gilbert, Eng. 



Orouml Plot of MONUITIENT CEMETERY. 




VVASHINGTONf f ^ II 1. £ Q AVENUE 5 5 5 | 



^ ^ 




JE 



a 



o 

03 



O 50 100 /:S0 500 5S0 300 



103 

THE MONUxMENT CEMETERY OF PHILADELPHIA. 
(Late Fere La Chaise Cemetery.) 
COMMENCED SEPTEMBER 1st, 1837. 
INCORPORATED DY THE LEGISLATURE, MARCH 19th, 1838. 

Drawn by R. M. Sexton, Sur Lehman & Duval, LIth. 

John A. Elkinlon, ]\l. D. Projcclor and original Proprietor. 

REFERRENCES. 

Section A contains 8P0 Lots 

do 1100 do. 

do 078 do. 

do 737 do. 

do •''^44 do. 

do 1 344 do. 



do. 


B 


do. 


C 


do. 


D 


do. 


E 


do. 


F 



Total 42S3 

Content of Circle bounded by 20 feet wide Carriage Road, 12076 feet 4 inches. 
Content of Circular Carriage Road 9047 " 9 '« 

Total 21124 " 1 " 

Diameter of Circle 164 feet — Area about l.jalf an acre. 
Content of Cemetery 19 A. 2 R. 10 P. 

Note. — The small alleys or walks are all 3 feet wide. 



Among the multitude of improvements that distinguish Philadel- 
phia at the present moment, we know of nothing possessing more 
importance, or promising greater attraction than the MONU- 
MENT CEMETERY, on Broad Street. 

Various indeed are the reasons why a city is an unsuitable place 
for a cemetery, and a? the subject has not been acted upon by pub- 
lic authorities, we are indebted exclusively to the enterprise of a 
private individual, for the establishment of a rural CEMETERY, 
on Broad Street. After having visited and carefully investigated 
the beneficial results of MOUNT AUBURN CEMETERY, 
near Boston. (Mass.) Dr. JOHN A. ELKINTOX, of this City, 
in June, 1837, published a Prospectus of " The American Pere 



104 

La Chaise," now Monument Cemetery — " fully satisfied that the 
undertaking would commend itself, both on account of its absolute 
importance to the public, and its relative value, as one of theem- 
belishments of Philadelphia." 

The Monument Cemetery of Philadelphia, is one that combines 
every thing in a natural point of view, which could possibly be 
desired. 

The location of the Cemetery is the same in reference to Phila- 
delphia, as that of Pere La Chaise to Paris, while the ground, is 
exceedingly verdant, dry, and finely situated, being 100 feet above 
tide water. 

Its distance from the centre of the city, is about one mile and a 
half, upon Broad Street, in a north-easterly direction ; sufficient- 
ly remote to prevent the apprehension that it may ever be en- 
croached upon, by our growing population, while at the same 
time, it is at so convenient a proximity as to be easily reached by 
the pedestrian, without experiencing a sense of fatigue. 

It is bounded on one side by Broad Street, on another by a lot 
of land, situated between it and Camac Street, on a third, by 
Turner's lane, and on the fourth, by a line drawn from the first to 
the last mentioned boundaries. It contains about 20 acres of land, 
and is situated upon an eminence which overlooks the city and 
liberties. The centre of the lot is the highest part of it, and the 
ascent to the centre is gradual, from each of the four sides. The 
entrances are two, one on Broad Street, the other on Turner's 
Lane. Four AVENUES, each 50 feet wide, lead to a SQUARE 
in the centre, which square is bounded by an avenue on each side, 
of the same width. The lots are arranged in rectangular rows, 
the rows divided by avenues, 20 feet in width. The avenues be- 
tween the lots are 5 feet in width. The lots are 10 by 12 feet in 
size. 

The square in the centre is called "MONUMENT SQUARE," 
and contains TEN HUNDRED private lots, and a space for a 
MONUMENT to WASHINGTON, and LA FAYETTE. 



105 

The whole 20 acres contain FOUR THOUSAND TWO 
HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-THREE LOTS, four thousand 
of whicli belong to private owners, and the balance of the Lots 
is the property of the Corporation, and they are " to be disposed 
of by the Managers, and the proceeds to be applied to the general 
improvement of the Cemetery." 

A DEED in fee is given to every owner, the same as for any 
other real estate, on payment of the purchase money for the lot. 

Of the manner in which it has been laid out, it is enough to 
say, that it is done in a way that must add embellishments to a 
situation, which has been rendered altogether lovely, by the 
hands of noture. The walks and alleys intersect each other at 
right angles, and the design is to line them with trees, shrubbery, 
and flowers. Statues of Washington and La Fayette, are to be 
raised, in a reserved plot, that will be highly ornamented, and 
become a kind of focus to the whole enclosure. The other suitable 
buildings, such as a chapel, &c. have all been properly taken into 
the account, it being the design of the projector, to devote it to the 
purpose of burial ceremonials. The idea is undoubtedly, a good one, 
and as the house is very spacious, and conveniently arranged, a 
large funeral procession can enter, in rainy weather, during the 
performance of obsequies. 

Not far from the Chapel, and between the east and west gates, 
about half an acre of ground is handsomely laid out, for ornament- 
al purposes. Within the periphery of the circle, which encloses 
the Monument, a space is allotted as a carriage way, so that per- 
sons riding may enter at the east gate on Broad Street, pass along 
the main avenue to die Chapel, drive around the Monument, and 
without incommoding foot passengers, pass out at the west gate, on 
Turner's Lane. The shade and solitude of the place is charming. 

These, however, we do not consider the only advantages pos- 
sessed by the site selected. The SOIL, which is not the least im- 
portant, among many considerations, is of the very best charac- 
ter for the purposes of interment, being beyond the tenacious 
clay of the city, the upper stratum of earth, is a mixture of loam 



106 

and sand, that lies from two to four feet thick — after this, a sub- 
tratum is found, composed ENTIRELY of a fine RED GRAVEL, 
than which no ground, certainly, could be more suitable for 
graves. Through such a soil the water percolates almost as rapid- 
ly as through a sieve, and it must therefore, always be as dry as 
could ever be desired. It is also easily excavated, and tombs 
may be made with the greatest facility ; for it is entirely free from 
the rocks and large stones, which in many situations the spade of 
the sexton is liable to encounter. From this fact, it will at once 
be perceived, with how little difficulty, vaults may be construct- 
ed, at the least possible expense, by those who may wish to have 
family tombs, in which the remains may be visited by disconso- 
late friends. In conjunction with all these advantages of locality, 
it is situated upon an eminence, attained by a rise, scarcely per- 
ceptible, that completely overlooks the city, and all the country 
around, and atfords to the eye, a prospect, whichever way it 
stretches, at once the most picturesque and beautiful. 

The PLAN of the MONUMENT CEMETERY, contem- 
plates IMPROVEMENTS, of the most extensive kind, in which, 
the skill of Ihe architect, and taste of the gardener are equally 
called into requisition. Trees wave their shady branches, and 
flowers scatter their richest fragrance over the whole scene. The 
weeping willow, and the dark cypress mourn in unison, over the 
graves around ; and the modest blossoms that expand and perish 
forever, remind man, that like them, he is passing away. The un- 
ostentatious and silent lessons of mortality are taught, by every 
thing that meets the eye. The winds sigh a requiem among the 
foliage of the trees, while the birds singing in their branches, render 
adoration and praise, to the great disposer of all events, the Su- 
preme Arbiter of Life and Death. 

We cannot but believe, that this CEMETERY will soon be 
one of the choice spots, in the vicinity of our city, to which the 
stranger will direct his steps, with as much eagerness, as to the 
famous PERE LA CHAISE of Paris, or the wonderful SCU- 
TARI, near Constantinople. 



107 

HERE, surely, is a place where FRIENDSHIP may visit, 

with a righteous tribute, without the fear of being disturbed. 

Here may bloom, in meekness, tlie flowers planted by affection, 
and watered by the tears of memory. Here may we commune 
with the departed, and moralize profitably, upon the uncertainty 
of life; and here, while we look with decent curiosity, upon the 
storied monuments of those who have gone before us, to an " un- 
tried BEING," may we calmly anticipate the period, when we shall 
ourselves, lie down in death, by the side of those, we have 
loved ; and when others will stand musing over OUR graves, and 
in like manner, perform those kind and gentle offices for US, 
which are no less a panegyric upon the dead than the liv- 
ing. 

In the bustle and turmoil of the world — while the glittering 
pageantry and splendor of wealth so dazzle the eyes, that every 
thing else, is almost entirely overlooked — the resting place for the 
body, after " life's fitful fever" is over, has been sadly forgotten. 
It WAS enough if beauty and ornaments decorated the dwellings of 
the Living — the Dead might repose in " cold obstruction's apathy," 
amid the crowded and busy haunts of men, though still in a more 
utter desolation than if surrounded only by the temples of nature, 
the silence of which, was never interrupted, except by the melan- 
choly whispers of the sighing wind. 

In those cities in which a grave-yard is crowded into nearly 
every corner — where you walk as it were, in the midst of the 
tombs, and where there is as much the appearance of a CITY OF 
THE DEAD, as a congregation of the LIVING ; the pious af- 
fection of friends becomes chilled by such unsightly familiarity with 
the grave, and the holy feelings, and solemn thoughts, that ?uch 
objects are calculated to inspire, are seldom experienced after the 
first gush of grief has subsided. 

The primitive Christians, warmed with a fervent zeal, for eve- 
ry thing in which the affections were at all concerned, so far from 
leaving the last sad remains of mortality to moulder, among the 
throngs of men, regarded it as almost a religious duty, to convey 



108 

them to a quiet receptacle in the country, where earth could min- 
gle with its mother earth, free from the clanger of being disturbed 
by the sordid hands, tliat would deprive the dead of a few feet of 
ground, that are allotted to all, or by the crowds of others, who 
had ended the troubled dream of their existence, and had gone to 
claim THEIR share of man's last inheritance. 

Of the internal IMPROVEMF.NTS of the CEMETERY, the 

following may be enumerated, as the most striking and IM- 
PORTANT : as set forth in the Annual REPORT : 
" 1st. All the main avenues have been excavated and gravelled, 
from the entrance on Broad Street, to the out-let on Turner's 
Lane ; the four avenues leading to, and round the Monument 
circle, in the East avenue, running through section " A," and 
" E" are also excavated and gravelled ; as also, Middle avenue, 
running South, from Washington avenue, through section " D." 

From the peculiar position of the ground in Monument Ceme- 
tery, there is no part which admits of standing water, but in time 
of rain, there is a confluenre of the waters in section " C" and 
" D," a much larger accumulation, of which takes place in the 
latter section, owing to a natural decent immediately below the 
Cemetery, on the adjoining property. On this account the ten 
feet avenue, leading from the Monument through section " D " 
has been paved with bricks to prevent its being gullied by heavy 
rains. 

About 200 ornamental trees have also been planted along the 
smaller avenues, and in other situations, in addition to the num- 
ber planted the last year. 

2d. A new fence has been erected on Broad Street front, with 
an iron gate and gateway, for carriages, supported by granite 
columns also, a good and substantial fence around the whole 
inclosure. 

The improvement, widening and embellishment of Broad Street, 
as contemplated by a late law, will render it necessary to remove 
the front fence from its present situation, thirty-one feet six inches 



109 

back, to the ultimate width of Broad Street ; but this will not 
interfere with any of the private burial lots, as all these improve- 
ments were anticipated and provided for in the original plan of the 
Cemetery. 

3d. Stabling and sheds have been erected, in the angle at the 
northeast corner of Franklin and Rush avenues, where carriages 
can stop in time of storm, or during funeral obsequies. 

The Chapel has also been furnished with seats, benches, and 
other conveniences, for the accommodation of stockholders and 
members, and every arrangement made, for funeral service, or 
religious exercises, at all times. 

4th. Exchanges have been effected with all the owners of lots 
around the Chapel, for lots belonging to the Corporation, in sec- 
tion " A." The advantages to the Company by this arrangement, 
were particularly alluded to, in the last annual Report ; and it 
is proper on this occasion, to renew our acknowledgments, to the 
gentlemen through whose kindness it was accomplished, and ten- 
der them the thanks of the members. 

5th. The space for the Monument in the circle, has been raised 
several feet high, by large quantities of earth placed there for that 
purpose, and a brick gutter laid around it. 

In addition to the foregoing acts of the Company, there have 
been erected by individuals. — 

25 private vaults, 

10 do. tombs and Monuments, and 
2 obelisks; 
and several others are already under contract, besides TEN 
LOTS, tastefully enclosed, with ornamental railing and posts, 
TWENTY-SEVEN with post and chain, and TWELVE with 
posts only. 

The practice of improving and decorating burial lots with some 
mementos of affection congenial to our natures, is indicative of 
the refinement of the age — and is strongly recommended to every 
lot-holder, to convert the same into a little garden spot ; the ge- 



no 

neral effect of which, would be delightful in the extreme, and afford 
the most rational gratification to every beholder. 

Ai"ound a dear belove'd one's grave, 
May fragrant crocus ever wave ; 
And Spring eternal, nurse the flowers 
With zephyrs bland, and genial showers. 
Light lay the green enamelled turf 
That hides the mortal wreck of worth.* 

IXIP Shrubbery, evergreens and flowers in abundance, of 
every variety, to adorn and decorate the graves, of departed 
relatives and friends, can be obtained throughout the year, in the 
garden immediately adjoining the Cemetery." 



MANAGERS. 

1. GEORGE W. TRYON, 147, Vine Street, President. 

2. Dr. JOHN A. ELKINTON, Fifth Street, near Green. 

3. NATHAN R. POTTS, No. 304, North Sixth Street. 

4. Dr. GEORGE H. BURGIN, No. 175, South Fifth St. 

5. JOSEPH PLANKINTON, County Commis. State house. 

6. ROBERT C. MARTIN, No. 11, North Juniper Street. 

7. PETER A. KEYSER, No. 35, Callowhill Street. 

8. JOSEPH JOHNS, No. 147, Marshall Street. 

9. THOMAS SNOWDEN, No. 15, North Fifth Street. 

10. BENJAMIN MATTHIAS, No. 353, North Sixth St. 

11. Dr. MAHLON M. LEVIS, No. 236, North Sixth St. 

12. JOHN S. CASH, Washington, above Tenth Street. 

13. WILLIAM H. LOVE. 34S, North Sixth St. above Green. 

14. WILLIAM B. GEYER, 74, Lombard Street. 

15. WILLIAM VOGDES, S6J North Ninth Street. 



* Dii majorum, umbris tenucm — et sine pondere terram 
Spirantes Crocos, et in urna perpetuum ver. 



Juvenal. 



The number of Interments in Monument Cemetery, up to June, 1S39, is 84. 



Ill 





e^a 


N9a' 


•SSH 


^:-KB" 


S99 


V KBB 


-' aai 


■Hfl 


- BEB 


=^ wn 


-' 'asil; 


■«"J 


^:^asBj 


--_iaHj 


-J!!^ 



SElliMjS^IiMlXiiilLSIiZFfiF:' rl 



SlFT 


lll!^ 


spiSB 


'^-: 


edin 


^^■11= 


='' 


Ill 




Hi 


i- 


III 


^ ill 


1 


EB1l> 


=• 


xnn 


~ 


m 


i m 


lil^ 


■fe 


BH|j 


1^ 


iiij 


i^HI, 




AMERICAN SUNDAY SCHOOL UNION. 



The American Sunday School Union was formed at Philadel- 
phia, in May, 1824, by the combination of several local Societies, 
which previously existed, the largest of which, was the " PHI- 
LADELPHIA SUNDAY AND ADULT SCHOOL UNION," 
formed in 1817. The objects of this Institution, as stated in the 
first Article, are, " To concentrate the efibrts of SUNDAY 
SCHOOL SOCIETIES, in different sections of our country; to 
strengthen the hands of the friends of RELIGIOUS INSTRUC- 
TION, on the LORD'S DAY; to disseminate useful information ; 
to circulate Moral and Religious Publications, in every part of the 
land ; and to endeavor to plant a SUNDAY SCHOOL, where- 
ever there is a population." 



112 

It embraces members, who belong to the following denomina- 
tions of Christians ; — Presbyterians, Congregationalists, Episcopa- 
lians, Baptists, Methodists, Reformed Dutch, German Reformed, 
Lutherans, Moravians, and others. 

In the "PRINCIPLES OF THE UNION," it is stated;— 
*' That whilst members of these several denominations, thus con- 
nect themselves for this general purpose, it is mutually understood 
that the Society shall assume no control over any school whatever ; 
that every Christian Church in ihe land, shall be encouraged to 
establish SCHOOLS on its own principles ; and that the aid of 
their BOOKS, and HELPS shall be afforded to them all, on 
as CHEAP TERMS, as they can be furnished. 

To secure a more perfect concurrence of Christians, the Agents, 
MISSIONARIES, and other persons employed by the Society 
are selected indiscriminately, as far as possible, from different 
denominations, regard being had only, to the piety and qualifica- 
tions of the persons so engaged." 

The general object, to which the funds of the Society are ap- 
propriated, are two fold ; 1st, the establishment and support of 
of Sunday Schools, in destitute places, especially in the western 
and southern states ; 2dly, the distribution of the Societies' pub- 
lications, at the lowest prices, or gratuitously, wherever readers 
can be found, not only in this country, but at various protestant 
Missionary stations of the earth, where they are wanted for Eng- 
lish readers, as well as for the aid of compilers and translators, 
in native languages. 

Annual subscribers of $3 a year, are members of the Society^ 
and the payment of $30, at one time, constitutes a Life Member. 

The receipts of the SOCIETY, for BOOKS and DONA- 
TIONS, during the year, amounted to $S8,884 17, of which, 
less than $15,000 were donations. 

The CONSTITUTION provides, that the Officers and Mana- 
gers shall be Laymen. 

The mechanical work of the Society, (paper making, sterotype- 



113 

ing, engraving, printing, binding, &c, is all done by contract. — 
The Society own neither types, presses, nor tools of trade ; 
and is only responsible for using the best endeavors to get it done 
well, and at a fair price. 

The time and service of the Board are bestowed gratuitously. 
The Superintendent of the Society's Book Store, the Editors of 
the Society's Publications, and the Clerks, are paid for their 
services. 

All the Books of the Society are published under the direction 
of a Committee, consisting of eioht Members, from at least, four 
different denominations of Christians, and not more that two Mem- 
bers are Irom any one denomination : and no Book can be publish- 
ed, to which, any Member of the Committee shall object. 

The establishment and support of SUNDAY SCHOOLS, in 
every part of the country, being the great object of" the Union," 
the Agents and Missionaries, employed by the Society, are in- 
structed to extend their labors indiscriminately among every de- 
nomination of evangelical Christians; and men of every denomi- 
nation are employed. 

The entire Funds of the Society, arising from the Sale of its 
Publications and Contributions, from benevolent individuals, are 
devoted (exclusively) to the Benefit of Sunday Schools. 

The relation of an auxiliary involves no obligation which is not 
expressed, in the clause of the Constitution, referring to it ; any 
Society or School is as independent, after it connects itself with 
the Society, as it was before. The Society has no control over it, 
and cannot interfere in any form, with its proceedings. Its patrons 
and friends, may have a School when, and where they please, 
nor can the Society oblige them to support any of its plans, or 
abandon their own. In addition to this, the relation may be dis- 
solved at the pleasure of the auxiliaries; indeed, it is consiituted 
for their benefit, rather than for that of the parent Union. 

The ground and buildings of the Society (146 Chesnut Street, 



114 

Philadelphia) cost $4t2,000, of which |20,000 were contributed 
for this object, by citizens of Philadelphia, and the sum of $20,000 
is still due. The marble front, was put up without expense to 
the Society. 

The Society has already published between 4 and 500 different 
(reading) BOOKS, more than 300 of which, are handsomely 
bound, and cost one mill cmcl two-thirds, per page. The residue 
are put up in paper, or bound in small volumes, to the number of 
twenty or thirty. 

These Books form an extensive Sunday Srhool LIBRARY, 
suitable for Children and Youth. 1 hey are circulated through 
thousands of families ; and every person, friend or foe, may ex- 
amine them for himself. The use of the Library is gratuitous. 

The Reports of the Society, up to May 20, 1835, show that, 
there are, or have been connected with it, upwards of 16,000 
SCHOOLS, 115,000 TEACHERS, and $799,000 PUPILS. 
At least 60,000 Teachers and Pupils have become Professors of 
of Religion, during the 15 years of the Society's existence. 

The general DEPOSITORY, for the SALE of the Society's 
PUBLICATIONS, is at No. 146, Chesnut Street, Philadelphia, 
and the principal BRANCHES are at No. 152, Nassau Street, 
New York. No. 8, Cornhill, Boston. Wood Street, Pittsburgh. 
Gennessee Street, Utica ; and Fourth Street, Cincinnati. 

tcr A complete set of their PUBLICATIONS, bound in uni- 
form style, may be had for about $80 ; such a set would 
embrace 405 Volumes. 

ORDERS FOR BOOKS, and other Communications, relating to the GENER- 
AL BUSINESS of the SOCIETY, should be addressed to 

FREDERICK W. PORTER, 
Corresponding- Secretary, of the AM. S. S. UMON. 
No. 146, Cliesnut Street, Pliiladelpliia. 

ICT DONATIONS to the Society, may be addressed to the Treasurer, PAUL 
BECK, Jun. No. 146, Chesuut Street, Pliiladelpliia. 

O" Communications, relating to the Publications Of the Society, 
should be addressed to FREDERICK A. PACKARD, No. 146, CliesilUt 
Street, Pliiladelphia. 



115 

CITY GOVERNMENT. 

At the Annual Election, for the State of Pennsylvania, which 
tnkes place (acrorclinfr to the Constitution of the State) on the 
SECOND TUESDAY OF OCTODEll. The citizens of the 
respective Wards, elect Inspectors, and Judges of Elections, 
County and State Officers, Members of the Common Council, and 
a portion of the Select Council ; and on the TUESDAY, f)IIovv- 
irig the said election, the Councils (jointly) elect a MAYOIi. — 
Formerly the Office of Mayor, was restricted to the Aldermen ; 
but about 10 years since, the right to extend the selection to the 
whole body of Citizens, was established by law ; and it is expect- 
ed, that the right of electing the Mayor, immediately by the citi- 
zens, will be granted by the Legislature, at the present session. 

Officers of the CORPOKATIo:V and COUl^Tir. 

Isaac Roach, Mayor. Samuel Rush, Recorder. Cornelius 
Stevenson, Treasurer. Robert II. Smith, City Clerk. Edward 

Holmstead, Solicitor. John B. Kennedy, Mayor's Clerk. Ben- 
jamin Jones, Jun. Treasurer of the Girard Trust. Joseph S. 
Warner, Agent for the Girard Estates. Adam Traquair, Wil- 
liam Faries, Thomas K. Wallace, Lane Schofield, City Com- 
missioners. John Diehl, Commissioner of City Property. Samuel 
Hains, Edward N. Gill, Regulators, and Surveyors. William 
INIilnor, Peter Hay, Samuel Badger, Peter Christian, George 
Bartram, John Binns, Samuel Ileintzleman, John Thompson, 
Jacob Snyder, Joseph Watson, Jonathan K. Ilassinger, Thomas 
M'Kcan, John R. Yodges, David S. Ilassinger, Aldermen. — 
John M'Lean, William II. Blaney, John Duncan, Charles Stuart, 
High Constables. Armon Davis, and James Ilickey, Collectors 
of Water Rents. Robert Patten, and James M'Intire, Super- 
intendents for Cleansing the Cihj. Peter Conrad, Levin B. 
Godwin, and Joshua Mitchell, Clerks of High Street Markets. — 
Henry B. Gillingham, Clerk of Second Street Mai'ket. Daniel 
Fitler, High Sheriff, of the County of Philadelphia. George 
Norton, Deputy Sheriff. James Gregory, Coroner. C. F. 



116 



Hoeckley, Jonathan Johnson, County Commissioners. Joseph 
riankinton, Clerk. Samuel J. Robbins, Assistant Clerk. ('. W. 
South, Couniij Treasurer. William J. Bedlock. Joseph Plank- 
inton, and William McFarran, Auditors. Thomas Dunlap, 
George W. Wharton, Thomas G. Hollingsvvorth, Samuel Eng- 
lish, George Justice, William G. Flanagan, Alexander Wentz, 
John Foulkrod, Charles V. Hagner, Henry Leech, Andrew Hoo- 
ton, Richard II. Spain, Controllers of the Public Schools. 




THE NIGHT WATCH MEN. 



Besides the xMAYOR, High Constables, and Ward Officer-, 
which constitutes the DAY POLICE, the City is well guarded 
at NIGHT, by able bodied men of good character. The Watch is 
divided into Four Distinct Sections, each under the comnTiand of 



117 

a Captain, one of which, for the south-eastern Division, is located 
in Comptroller Street, another for the north-eastern, in Cherry 
Street, the south-west and north-west Divisions having stations 
west of. or near Broad Street. Each of the Four Divisions, has 
about 35 Watchmen, whose duty it is, to trim, light, and ex- 
tinguish, the public lamps, and gas-lights, to walk their ro :nds, 
and cry the hours, while on duty, and to secure the peace and 
quiet of the city. 

In addition to the Watchmen attached to particular stations, 
each Division has allotted to it, 8 silent Watch-men, whose duty 
it is, to see that the stationed Watch-men attend to their prescribed 
duties, and maintain watchfulness during the hours allotted thpm, 
and to walk quietly through the Division, and to see that thieves 
&c. are not making inroads, between the regular Watch-mens' 
rounds : they usually pursue their rounds, two in company. 



TEMPERANCE IMPROVEMENT. 

The Grand Reformation, connected with TEMPERANCE, 
which has spread from our shores, even to Europe, has many 
ardent advocates in Philadelphia, and other Cities of the Union, 
and undoubtedly, the time will arrive ere long, when the EX- 
PERI I'.NCR of the AGED, and the INTELLIGENCE of 
the YOUNG, will almost banish, from all Classes, (except for 
Medical purposes, and the arts) -THE ENEMY, WHICH 
STEALS AWAY THE BRAIN." 

Extensive SOCIETIES are formc*d, (under the favor of many 
distinguished Cleigymen and other highly respectable characters) 
in this Ciiy, and elsewhere, which contain, among their Mem- 
bers, the aged, and the juvenile, the wealthy, and the humble, 
of both sexes. — Agents of these laudable Societies, are pursuing 
the cause, (with success) in every part of this State, and hap- 
py results, for the coming generation, may confidently be antici- 



118 

pated, by all those who feel an interest in the present, and fu- 
ture welfare of the rising generation i. 

Vessels are now fitted out, for voyajres to India, the North-west 
Coast of America, and other near, and distant parts of the world, 
entirely on Temperance principles: — JMorc activity, and greater 
success attends their enterprising and praise-worthy Officers and 
crews; and their families on their return, have the enjoyment of 
the reward of industry and temperance, instead of the unpleasant 
task of nursing the broken down inebriates, whose wages have 
been exhausted, by a GROG BILL, and whose constitutions, 
are no longer able to resist the effects of unnatural and inordinate 
STLMULATION. 

The effects of TEMPERANCE, it is fondly hoped, will exer- 
cise a most salutary influence, in diminishing every kind of crime, 
and also, lessen the present (enormously) swollen list of applicants 
for charity ; for every person who is acquainted with the statistics 
of criminal jurisprudence and pauperism, can readily detect in- 
temperance, as the most prolific source of these great evils to 
society. ■ 

The effect of EXAMPLE will also, extend itself, from parents 
to children, and from masters to apprentices, and the strong 
holds of FASHION, which have resisted, (in some degree) the 
banishment of intoxicating liquors from its circles, it is confidently 
expected, will finally, and fully, adopt the economical, so far as 
this world's goods are concerned, gnd we may say, the 
SOUL-SAVING principles of TEMPERANCE. 



INFANT SCHOOL SOCIETY. 

The following appeal to the Benevolent Friends of EDUCATION, 
will, we hope, not be made in vain : 

The MANAGERS of this Infant School Society, of Philadel- 
phia, feel constrained to appeal to the public, in behalf of their 



119 

interestintr charge. The Society sustains five schools, containing 
more than 500 pupils. Three of these schools are composed of 
white children ; two of them arc confined to the children of color- 
ed people. 

At the present time, the fund for the support of the colored 
children in GaskiU Street, is entirely exhausted, and unless im- 
mediate aid is rendered, upwards of 100 colored (infant) children, 
must be deprived of the moral and religious culture, which is the 
principal characteristic of this system of education. The Treasury 
for the support of the white schools, will not meet the current 
expenses of another month. It is hoped, and believed, that a 
liberal public, who have proved the estimation, in which, they 
held this Institution, by the support which they have afforded it, 
for the period of 12 years, will not NOW, suffer it to languish. 

Subscriptions and Donations will be received, by Mrs. Moore, 
65, Spruce street; Mrs. Rcan, 69, North Ninth street; Miss 
C. Davidson, 268, Walnut street ; Mrs. E. P. S. Jojjes, 429, 
Market street. 

XIr' The Funds for the support of the white and colored schools, 
are kept entirely separate. Any contributors having a preference, 
will please to designate it. 

Philadelphia, July, 2, 1839. 



APPRENTICES' LIBRARY, 

Seventh Street, above market Street. 

This LIBRARY now contains between 10 and 11,000 Volumes, 
embracing generally, the most approved and standard works, in 
the Arts, Sciences, and general Literature, selected with great 
care, as best adapted to instruct and improve the reader, and 
avoiding such as were likely to be, cither injurious or useless. — 
Since its origin, in 1820, more than 10,000 young persons, princi- 



120 

pally apprentices, have partaken of its benefits, and in many in- 
stances known to the Managers, with great and important influ- 
ence, in originating and developing talents, and good character, 
in after life. 

The Board have earnestly desired that the Library should be 
placed in a building, eiectedfor its accommodation, and adapted 
to its uses ; and though the funds of the Institution nre not ade- 
quate to such an undertaking, yet the zeal of the Managers has 
prompted them to exertion. For this purpose, an, address to the 
citizens, setting forth the great useful nes of the Library, has been 
drawn up, and circulated, and a committee appointed, to make 
inquiries for a suitable lot ; and though a good site for such a build- 
ing, at a fair price, has been found, yet the affair is so recent, 
that nothing more definite can at present, be reported. 

The Library has been used, during the past year, by an aver- 
age number, of 82S boys ; at the last monthly report, the number 
was 943. 

Within the year, 250 Volumes have been purchased and placed 
on the shelves ; 100 Volumes bound, and 74 new members elected. 

The Library is open on Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays and 
Saturdays, from the first of March, to the first of September, 
from 7 to half past 9, P. M. and from the first of September, ^^ 
the first of March, from 6 to 9. P. M. 

M A N A O E R S, for 1§39. 

HENRY TROTH, President. 
PHILIP GARRETT, Vice President. 
JAMES J. BARCLAY, Secretary. 
SAMUEL SELLERS, Treasurer. 
JOHN LYNAS SMITH, Librarian. 
Jacob L. Smith, and James L. Barry, 

(Assistant Librarians. 



121 



PRINTERS, PRINTING, &c. 




li'^ashiiig^toii Press. 

As early as six weeks afler the city of Philadelphia was Found- 
ed, William Bradford, (a very respectable man) established a 
PRINTING PRESS, and published a Sheet-Almanac, for the 
year 1687, a copy of which, is now in the Philadelphia Library. 
The " American Weekly Mercury," was published, by his son 
Andrew, in 1719 — and William, the grand son of the first Wil- 
liam Bradford, commenced publishing a Weekly paper, in I74'i. 
A German newspaper was printed (weekly) in 1743, and one 
was issued from the Press, (in the same language) Quarterly, at 
Germantown. In 1723, a Second newspaper was established, 
and in 1727, Benjamin Franklin was concerned in its publica- 
tion. The " Pennsylvania Packet" was first printed weekly, by 
John Dunlap, in 1771, and continued at Lancaster, from 1778 



9C 



122 

to 1779. On the evacuation of the City, by the British, it was 
issued twice a week, and in 17^4, converted into a DAILY pa- 
per, the FIRST, in the United States : In 1801, this paper was 
sold to Zachariah Poulson, Esq. its present proprietor and pub- 
lisher : He then assumed for it, the title of" THE AMERICAN 
DAILY ADVERTISER." 

In 1786, " THE COLUMBIAN MAGAZINE," was com- 
menced by MATHEW CAREY, Esq. and others ; and in 1787, 
he (alone) commenced '• THE AMERICAN MUSEUM." In 
1790, an Encyclopasdia, in 18 Volumes (quarto) was commenced, 
the demand for which, increasing as its publication progressed, 
it was found difficult to obtain printers sufficient to carry on the 
work. The first STANDING QUARTO BIBLE, published in 
the world, was set up by MATHEW CAREY, and it is now^ 
the only one of separate types, of that size : The types for this 
Bible, were cast by Messrs. Bixney «& Ronali>son. Barlows' 
Columbiad, Wilson's Ornithology, Barton's Botany, Rees' Cyclo- 
paedia, and many other publications of distinguished merit, have 
been issued from the Philadelphia PRESS. 

The Law Reports of H. BINNEY, Esq. those of SERGEANT 
«& RAWLE, an.I PETER A. BROWN, Rsquir s, should be 
noticed, as a creditable evidence of the laudable enterprise, of 
Philadelphia PRINTERS. 

The present condition of the Art of Printing is highly gratifying, 
and the branches which have been connected with it show, that 
it is still in vigorous progress. 

In the Department of ORNAMENTAL PRINTING, besides 
the best kinds ol PRINTING INK of various colors, elegant im- 
pressions are now made, in gold, silver, and bronze ; and every 
shape and form, of plain and fancy TYPES, are employed : Rich 
and ornamental Borders ; devices, in great variety, ships, land- 
scapes, steam boats, birds, animals, canal boats, and rail road 
cars, are in daily use. 



123 

DCr* The Art of Printing within the last 15 years, having 
undergone such a great change in the variety and forms of 
Types, and ORNAMENTAL execution, that we have thought 
a few pages at the end of this work (as a specimen) would be 
gratifying to the lovers and connoisseurs in the Typographical 
Art — as at the period referred to, no such thing could be procured 
from any other source than importations from Europe, and then 
the prices were very high, which circumstance is now, entirely 
obviated, without the loss of time and expense of importation. 

Mr. GEDDES, corner of Chesnut Street and Hudson's Alley, 
executes ORNx\MENTAL (and other) Printing, particularly, 
in gold, silver, bronze, iSz.c. in a superior style. 

Messrs. ADAMS & Co. No. 20, Fourth Street, have an ex- 
tensive establishment, for ORNAMENTAL Printing ; and in 
connexion with it, the manufacture of SNOW FLAKE CARDS, 
produced at no other manufactory, South or West of New York 




DISTINGUISHED PRINTERS. 



Many who have acquired great FAME and CELEBRITY, 
in the world, began their career, as PRINTERS. Sir WILLIAM 



124 

BLACKSTONE, tlie author of the English Law Commentaries, 
was a PRINTER, by trade. KING GEORGE, III. was 
a PRINTER, and not unfrequently, wrought at the business, 
after he ascended the throne of England. We need not say, that 
Dr. FRANKLIN was a PRINTER, for this is well known to 
all, ^^ ho are familiar with his name. ALEXANDER CAMP- 
BELL, the Theologian, and many other eminent characters 
(of the present day) were PRINTERS. 



STEREOTYPING & BOOK-BINDING. 

Connectd with Printing, is the art of STEREOTYPING. 
which at this time, is brought to a high degree of perfection, 
as many of the embelishments of this work will illustrate, parti- 
cularly the representation of the Capitol at Washington, intro- 
duced for that purpose, in the page opposite. Messrs. ROEB & 
ECKLIN, corner of Callowhill and Crown Streets, and Messrs. 
JOHNSON & SMITH, in George Street, are extensively en- 
gaged in this branch ; and the work produced from these establish- 
ments, cannot but give, general satisfaction, both in the manu- 
facturing of TYPES, greatly improved ; and also, the art of 
Stereotyping. 

BOOK-BINDING, of in every form and kind of covers, 
plain and highly ornamental with lettering, in gold, equal, (if not 
superior) to those formerly imported, is extensively carried on 
by Mr. DAVID CLARK, near the corner of Third and Vine 
Streets, as a branch of the BOOK-SELLING business; and 
many others, who are employed in the same useful occupation, 
in this City, are entitled to great credit, for their enterprise, skill, 
and industry. 



125 




126 



TYPOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY. 

One of the last acts of the life of the venerable FRANKLIN, 
was to assist in the Organization of a Beneficial Society of Jour- 
neymen PRINTERS. The Society during his life, held their 
meetings at his house ; it was however dissolved, in 1795, and 
another instituted in 1802, which was incorporated in 1810, under 
the name of the " PHILADELPHIA TYPOGRAPHICAL 
SOCIETY." 

It must be a source of grateful reflection to those, who are 
connected with, and interested in the Art of Printing, that from 
their ranks has been produced, one of the first Diplomatists, Phi- 
losopher and Moralist, of his time ; and that in another individual 
of the same profession, the city of Philadelphia is, at this time, deri- 
ving advantage from his SCIENCE and PHILANTHROPY. 

It is almost unnecessary to say, that the late Dr. FRANKLIN, 
and the venerable MATHEW CAREY, are here alluded to. 



BOOK SELLING. 

The establishments for the SALE, and PUBLICATIONS 
of BOOKS, of Messrs. CAREY^ LEA & BLANCHARD, 
COLLINS & BROTHER, KAY «& BROTHF.R, GRIGG & 
ELLIOT, DESILVER & Co. HENRY PERKINS, THOMAS 

& Co. Messrs. AUNERS, and several other distinguished 
BOOKSTORES in Philadelphia, are on a scale, commensurate 
with this growing branch of Business in this City. 



1-27 



PUBLIC PRESS OF PHILADELPHIA. 



All flic TVews Papers in the following: L.isf, except the 
Kveiiiii;? I\e\vs, the National Gazette, and the Phila- 
delphia Gazette, arc pnbli8lie«l in the Morning^. 




DAILY JNEWS PAPERS. 

United States' Gazette, 66, Dock Street. Poulson's American 
Daily Advertiser, 106, Chesnut Street. The Pennsylvanian, 
99, South 2d. The Philadelphia Gazette, 97, South 2d. The 
Pennsylvania Inquirer & Courier, 72, South 2d. Street. — 
The National Gazette, 96, South 2d. st. The Amerif-an Sentinel, 
35, Walnut st. The Herald & Pennsylvania Sentinel, 61, Dock st. 
The Evening News, corner of 2d. and Walnut. The North 
American, Dock Street, opposite the Exchange. Public Ledger, 
(penny paper) N. W. corner 2d. and Dock st. Daily Evening 
News '2 penny) 2d. near Walnut st. The Spirit of the Times, 
(penny) N. W. c >r. :'(\. and Chesnut. The World, Dock, near 3d. 
The Little Genius, 2d. near Walnut. The Scissors, occasionally. 

PERIODSCALI^. 

American Journal of the Medical Sciences, Fourth street, near 
Chesnut. Eclectic Journal of ^lcdicin(!, Carpenter st. near 7lh. 
Waldie's Select Circulating Library, 46, Carpenter st. Littell's 
Museum, 279, Chesnut. Medical Library, 19, St. James's st. 
Journal of the Franklin Institute, 7th above Chesnut. American 
Medical Library, 46, Carpenter st. American Phrenological 



128 

Journal, 46, Carpenter st. Financial Register, 46, Carpenter st. 
Lady's Garland, 45, N. Sixth st. Farmer's Cabinet, 45, N. 6th 
Bicknell's Counterfeit Detector, 76, South 3d. st. Gentleman's 
Magazine, corner of Dock & Bank Alley. Lady's Book, 211, 
Chesnut st. Medical Examiner, by Biddle and Clymer. Phi- 
ladelphia (monthly) Reporter, 45, N. 6th, st. The (colonization 
Herald, (semi-monthly) 'i7, Sansom st. The Penny Magazine, 
Mr. Pollock, Agent. The Cyclopedia of Useful Knowledge, do. 
The Spirit of Foreign Magazines, by Mr. Littell. Journal of 
Homoeopathic Medicine. 

WEEKLY NEWS PAPERS. 

The Saturday Courier, 72, Dock st. Atkinsons' Saturday 
Evening Post, Carter's Alley. The Saturday Chronicle, 72, S. 2d. 
The Evening Star, and Independent Democrat, 73, Dock street. 
De AlteUnd Newe Welt, 9, Bread st. The Weekly Messenger, 
Franklin Place. The Episcopal Recorder, 12, Pear st. The 
Banner of the Cross, 4th st. below Market. The Presbyterian, 
corner of 7th and George st. The Religious Telegraph & Ob- 
server, 134, Chesnut st. The Catholic Herald, 61, N. 2d. st. 
The Friend, corner of 4th. and Appletree Alley. The Pennsyl- 
vania Freeman, 72, N. 7ih, st. Bicknell's Reporter, 76, south 
3d. St. The Sunday School Journal, 146, Chesnut st. 

The Public Ledger, for the country, and other Weekly papers, 
for the country, containing the substance of the Daily papers, 
excepting the advertisements, are regularly published. 




129 
UNITED STATES' NAVAL ASYLUM. 

This noble edifice is situated on the banks of the river Schuyl- 
kill, on the road leading to Gray's Ferry, a short distance below 
the junction of South Street. The site is very eligible, being the 
highest point of land on this beautiful river, below Fairmount ; 
it is upwards of 50 feet above high- water mark. 

The details of this building are from the Ionic Temple, on the 
missus, near Athens. The front is 38G feet, including a centre 
building of 142 feet, by 175 feet in depth. The centre is embellish- 
ed with a marble portico, embracing eight large Ionic columns. 

The wings embrace a granite basement, sustaining a marble 
superstructure of three stories, containing verandahs, in each 
story, of the front and rear, supported by 88 iron columns, resting 
upon granite piers. 

The extremities of the wings, contain a hall, work-shops, opera- 
ting room, and offices. 

The whole of the interior, is vaulted, which renders the dormi- 
tories on the flanks of the centre building fire-proof; they are 
adapted to accommodate about 400 men. 

In the basement of the centre building, is a dining room, 113 
feet long, the kitchen and other appendages, to such an establish- 
ment, with a furnace for heating the whole building : this story 
has a communication with the upper stories, by marble steps, 
constructed on mathematical principles. 

There are in the chief story of the centre building, eight par- 
lors for officers, in front ; a Chapel, 56 feet square, in the rear, 
lighted entirely from the dome. The Dispensary, surgeon's apart- 
ment, apothecary department, and baths are contiguous. 

In the third story, there are officer's sleeping apartments, dor- 
mitories, for the Insane, baths, closets, &c. 

The entire marble work of the building, is of Pennsylvania 



130 

marble. The cost of the Asylum was $250,000, The lot gb 
which it is erected, is elegantly enclosed in front, with a beauti- 
ful iron fence, and laid out into circular walks, the centre one of 
which, is elegantly ornamented, with grass plats, and ornamental 
trees. In the rear is an extensive garden, in a high state of 
cultivation, where the inmates may promenade, for their health.. 

From the rear verandahs of the Asylum, one of the most delight- 
ful views is obtained, of which the city can boast. The Schuylkill' 
river, covered with whitened craft ; the palace of the poor (Aims- 
House) over the river ; Fair Mount to the right ; the Baronial 
castle, of the State Penitentiary, and Girard College beyond ; 
with many othei" beautiful objects, delight most, the attention. 
We should say to strangers, visiting the city, that they ought 
not to neglect a visit to the Asylum. 

The Asylum was erected, from a plan of William Strickland, 
Esq. the well known excellent Architect, of our city, who was 
subsequently appointed, to superintend its erection. 

The situation of this Institution, is regarded as one of the most 
healthy that the country can produce : The Bills of Mortality 
for 50 years, show, that Philadelphia is one of the most healthy 
cities in the world. Like the Greenwich Hospital, of England, 
and the Hotel des Invalides, in Paris ; it is placed in view of the 
coming, and departing of national vessels ; but is placed upon an 
elevated point of land, which, all things considered, cannot be 
surpassed, as a location for a National Asylum, in any part of 
the country ; — and long may it continue, the happy HOME, of 
those brave men, who have shattered their frames, in support of 
the FLAG of their native land. 

— I. T. Bowen'3 Lithographic Press, 94 Walnut St' 



MAGDALEN SOCIETY. 

This benevolent Institution was established in 1800, with the 
laudable intention of furnishing a home, and a chance of return 



131 

to the paths of rectitude, to those deluded females, who, from 
ignorance, or misfortune, have fallen into an abandoned course 
of life. The buiidinf;of this ASYLUM is situated at the corner 
of Second street and Sassafras, on the Schuylkill. It was incor- 
porated in 1812, and still continues to be conducted, in a manner, 
highly creditable to its BENEVOLENT FOUNDERS. 



FE.IIALE DO.IIESTIC :«ISSIO]^AR¥ SOCIETY. 

Although the female part of our community have contributed 
liberally to the various BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS, and 
Missionary Societies, in common with the other sex, still, it 
would be doing them injustice, not to mention, that several Insti- 
tutions, of a religious and benevolent character, have been es- 
tablished, and supported entirely by their efforts ; among them, 
may be mentioned, with a decided approbation, the FEMALE 
DOMESTIC MISSIONARY SOCIETY," intended to AID 
distant and thinly settled parishes, in the support of their pastors, 
and to contribute to the support of suitable young Missionaries, 
to distant parts of the country, particularly, such neighborhoods 
as from the recent settlement of the country, or other cases, are 
unable to provide for a permanent pastor. 



AMERICAN HOME MISSIONARY SOCIETY. 

Office, Xo. 134, Clicsniit Street. 

For the States of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware and 

Maryland. 
GIDEON N. JUDD, Associate Secretary and Agent, to whom 
all communications with said Society within the limits of the 
above named States, may be directed. 

The Quarterly Meetings of the Boaid will be held on the 
Fourth Tuesday of March, June, September and December. It 
is desirable that applications for aid, should be forwarded to the 



132 

Secretary and Agent, a few days previous to each quarterly 
meeting. When this cannot conveniently be done, they may be 
transmitted at any time, and special meetings of the Board will 
be called to attend to them. 



PENNSYLVANIA LITERARY INSTITUTE. 

This Society was instituted, August Tenth, 1828, under the 
name of " THE YOUTH'S LIBRARY, AND LITERARY 
ASSOCIATION." Its original members were only FIVE ap- 
prentice BOYS, to whose energy, perseverance, and industry, 
the Society is indebted, for its present flourishing condition. It 
is now composed of about 250 members, and possesses a liibrary, 
containing 3,000 Volumes, which is accommodated, in a spacious 
and commodious apartment, in the " Union Buildings," corner 
of 8th and Chesnut streets. 

During the two last winters, courses of popular LECTURES, 
have been delivered before the Institute, by various literary gen- 
tlemen. 

Young men, of 16 years and upwards, are eligible to mem- 
bership, on payment of moderate fees. 

This Institution has done much towards promoting a love for 
reading, and a taste for literary pursuits, among the respectable 
youths of our City. 



TRACT SOCIETIES. 

For the distribution of select, moral and religious Tracts, and 
for the dissemination of the important truths of Religion, have an 
extensive organization, in connexion with almost every Church, 
in the City and County of Philadelphia. At stated periods, at 
all seasons, pious young ladies of the first respectability, may be 



133 

seen, industriously circulating these missives of intelligence and 
affection, from street to street, and from house to house. — Those 
who neglect other important warnings, of the necessity of a pre- 
paration, for their s;rent change, which may suddenly come, 
are periodically warned, by these Female Missionaries of Benevo- 
lence ; and many cases are known, in which, the most happy 
reforviations have had their foundations laid, by the perusal of 
Chnstian TRACTS. 

It is impossible to express, how thankful the religious portion 
of the community ought to feel, at the evidence of devotion, in the 
great cause of truth, so perseveringly displayed, by those benevo- 
lent ladies, who are connected with these Important Societies. 

MANAYUNK VILLAGE. 

" How often have I loitered o'er your green, 

Where humble happiness, endear'd eaeh scene ; 

How often have I paus'd, on ev'ry charm, — 

The shelterM cot, — the cultivated farm, — 

The never-failing Brook, the busy Mills, — 

The decent Church, that topp'd the neighboring Hills." 

Goldsmith. 

Like snowy flocks, half hid, among the hills. 
Or scatter'd down their green and verdant sides, 
The shining dwellings, kiss the mountain rills, 
As o'er the mossy rocks, their music glides. 

The rosy villagers, to toil inur'd. 
Are stirring ere the sun hath dawu'd his rays ; 
And singing, like tiie lark — morn's dewy bird, — 
Their matin-notes — of gratitude and praise. 

The lium of industry is in the air. 

That o'er the senses, silently doth steal ; 

And down the Vale, where rolls the Schuykill fair, 

Is heard the hammer, and revolving wheel. 

Here, happy minds, with sweet content, pass on, 
Nor heed the strife, a heartless City wears, 
'Till life's last feeble, glitt'ring sand has run, 
And fill'd tlie measure of their passing years. 



134 

The Village of Manayunk, is seven miles up the river Schuyl- 
kill, from Philadelphia. One of the most delightful rides, with which 
the country abounds, is along the banks of the beautiful Schuyl- 
kill, to Manayunk. The scenery is what the artists term, " beauti- 
ful in repose.'^ 

There is nothing like grandeur or sublimity ; but the eye gener- 
ally reposes upon beautiful landscapes, richest shrubbery, roman- 
tic grottos, tasty farm-houses, handsome cottages, and elevated 
fields. The Wissahiccon creek is rendered famous, by its romantic 
scenery, and falls of water ; it meanders quietly, into the 
Schuylkill, and as the eye stretches up its picturesque banks, amid 
the richest foliage, some of the most beautiful dwellings appear, as 
if they had been erected in the original forest, in all its native 
beauty. 

Manayunk contains a population of about 4,000 souls. Most 
of the dwellings and manufactories, are finished, in what is called 
" roughcast." One of the finest views in the vicinity of this 
village, may be obtained, from the upper side of the Manayunk 
Bridge, where, as far as the eye can reach, the beautiful river 
Schuylkill is seen sweeping down, between its verdant banks, 
and ever varying landscape. 

Perhaps the most romantic walk, to be found in this country, 
is along the banks of the Schuylkill, beside the canal, or on the 
opposite shore, to Manayunk village ; and in the verdant season, 
crowds of citizens and strangers, do themselves the delight thus, to 
walk out, to drink of the balmy air, borne in sweetest fragrance, 
from the golden fields, and blushing gardens, of the surrounding 
hills. 

J. T. Bowen's Lithographic Press, 94 Walnut St. 




135 




EPIDEMIC CHOLERA. 



This frightful form of Cholera Morbus, which made its appear- 
ance on the Banks of the Ganges, in 1817, and successively 
through various countries and islands of the East, after having 
crossed to the Western shores of Europe, made its first appearance 
on our continent, on the Banks of the St. Lawrence, in 1832 ; — 
Eoon afterwards appearing at New York, and speedily extending 
itsravages to our City. About the middle of July, the vagrants 
and prisoners in the Arch Street prison (at that time,) located at 
the corner of Arch and Broad Streets, became suddenly affected 
with Spasmodic Cholera, and a large number died, within a few 
hours of the attack. The humanity of many of our citizens, was 
distinguisingly displayed on that occasion, and John Swift, 
Esq. the late Mayor, deserves to be mentioned, for his courage 
and fortitude, at that time. 



136 

The City Councils and Board of Health had made arrange- 
ments, to ascertain the nature and character of this new and 
terrific affection, by sending several distinguished medical gentle- 
men to Montreal, as soon as it was known, that it had positively, 
made its appearance in the neighborhood of that City, and agreea- 
ble to the advice of those gentlemen ample preparations were 
made by the organization of a number of CITY HOSPITALS, 
for the treatment of the disease, on its anticipated Invasion. 

The public School Houses, in Chester Street, Locust Street, 
Lombard Street, Penn Street, Catharine Street, Sixth, near Ca- 
tharine Street, and the public work-shops, in Lombard Street, 
a building in Cherry Street, and a store house, in Jones's Alley, 
were all fitted up, with bedding, mattrasses, and all the appro- 
priate apparatus for the occasion. And the BUSH HILL Hospi- 
tal was fitted up as a receptacle, for all the Convalescent patients, 
from the various establishments enumerated. 

Each of the City Hospitals had a principal PHYSICIAN, and 
several assistants, with male and female NURSES, sufficient to 
give prompt and energetic treatment to the patients : — And every 
Hospital was provided with an apparatus, for transporting pa- 
tients, in a recumbent posture, an expedient necessary to guard 
against asphyxia, which often occurred, from raising the patient 
from the horisontal position. 

After the terror, which attended its first invasion had subsided, 
and the Hospital arrangements had got into full operation, the 
disease seemed decidedly, to yield to the Medical Science, dis- 
played in its treatment, and ample means humanely placed at the 
disposal of the physicians and gentlemen charged with the care of 
the Hospitals. 

Among those who distinguished themselves for their intrepidity, 
humanity, and benevolence, in this trying visitation, no man 
deserves a higher encomium, than the late Rev. Dr. Hurley. — 
He gave up his dwelling house, in Crown Street, for the use of 
Cholera Patients, and he was instant in season, and out of 



137 



season, to administer to their aid and comfort, even, freely open- 
ing his purse, to all those who needed his support : — His Memory 
will be warmly cherished, by every benevolent heart. It would 
be highly unjust to omit to give the credit due to the religious 
order of Sisters of Charity, for their voluntary and fearless assist- 
ance in this epidemic. 

It is believed, that no City in the Union, presented a more suc- 
cessful treatment of the Cholera, not more than 1,000 patients, 
having died of the disease, in a population of over 200,000, al- 
though the disease continued for more than six weeks, gradually 
thereafter diminishing in number and violence. Doctor Samuel 
Jackson has published his personal observations, on the Cholera, 
which displays great scientific research, and accurate investiga- 
tion. 




STEAM BOAT LANDINGS, &c. 

Several Steam Boat Landings are established on the north and 
south side of the Landing at the front of Market street, and in the 
immediate vicinity of this location, north and south are numerous 
packet stations. Arch street Wharf, Chesnut, Walnut, Spruce, 
and Cedar street wharves have been made into commodious Steam 
Boat Landings. At Callowhill and Almond street wharves, Steam 
Boats have occasional landings. From these positions. Steam Boats 
depart at stated times, for the various towns and villages in the 
vicinity of the Delaware river, and the lines of communication 
north and south originate. 



138 




LAUNCH OF THE U. S. SHIP PENNSYLVANIA 



The LAUNCH of this great ship is referred to, as one of the 
leading events of this city : It took place, on the eighteenth of July, 
1837, a day well calculated, by its serenity and clearness, to give 
brilliancy to the circumstance, noticed more particularly at length 
in the following extract from the " Commercial Herald," (then) 
Edited by N. Sargent, Esq. published on the day after the 
Launch. " The noble Ship PENNSYLVANIA the pride of our 
Navy, and one of the largest ships in the world, if not the very 
largest, entered her destined element yesterday, at precisely half 
past two o'clock, amid the deafening cheers of at least one hundred 
thousand spectators. It was an animating, a majestic sight. 

The river, for a great distance around, was covered with vessels, 
steam boats, and every variety of water craft, whose decks were 
crowded, and whose masts, shrouds and rigging were alive with 
people. Every tree, every post, every fence, every window, 
every roof which overlooked the scene, had its occupants. 

Wherever we turned our eye, masses of human beings pre- 
sented themselves. 



139 

At length the note of preparation is sounded ; the ominous 
click of the hammer is heard — every eye is riveted to a common 
centre — every heart palpitates with anxious expectation, and 
now, after a delay, during which minutes seemed hours, and 
hours days, the signal guns are heard, a general move is made 
among the mass, the breath is held, not a word is spoken, the 
flag at the stern flutters, *' she moves ! she moves !" is heard, and 
lo ! the huge, but beautiful structure walks forth, and descends 
slowly, but majestically, to her element ; and having entered 
gracefully, yet proudly rises, as if conscious of her high destiny, 
and looks down upon the surrounding craft, with dignified con- 
descension and proud complacency. Immediately the shouts of 
the multitude are like the rushing of a mighty storm, land answer- 
ing unto water, and water unto land ; and the reverberations swell 
upon the air and roll upon the deep, mingled with the roar of 
cannon, announcing the event to distant parts. Not an accident 
has occurred to mar the scene, not a limb broken, nor a finger 
bruised. 

And now, as the Leviathan of the Navy sits with the grace of 
a swan upon the waters, see the animating scene upon the river ! 
thousands of boats are darting to and fro, swarming round her 
like pigmies, lively pigmies, around a huge Titan. The river is 
alive, and recalls to recollection the graphic accounts of the 
annual marriage ceremony on the Adriatic at Venice. Nothing 
can be more beautiful or exhilerating; would that our pen were a 
pencil, that we might present this scene of life to the gratified eye 
of our reader, in all its freshness, its variety, its constantly vary- 
ing phases ; the task is, however, beyond our powders ; ours would 
be a picture wanting the breath of vitality, the spirit-stirring ani- 
mation, the feverish excitement of reality : 

But we must not lose sight of the all-absorbing object, the noble 
Pennsylvania, the worthy daughter of the key-stone State, the 
future defender of our Country's honor, and her proud and lofty 
representative, in distant seas. There she is: and what Ameri- 
can heart does not beat with a quicker throb, and warm with a 



140 

more ardent patriotism, as he looks upon her graceful, but tower- 
ing form, and sees her, in his mind's eye, annihilating with her 
thunders, those who shall have dared to offer an insult to our flag, 
and commanding respect, and awing enmity, wherever her pennon 
flutters in the breeze, and her dauntless prow breasts the deep. — 
Long may she continue to be an object of affection to Pennsylva- 
nians, of pride to Americans, and of terror to our enemies, should 
it be be our misfortune to have them. 

We cannot but repeat, that as a matter of the most sincere 
gratulation, not an accident of«any kind, which we have yet 
heard of, happened to dampen the general joy manifested on the 
occasion. This is attributable, in no small degree, to the admira- 
ble and skilful arrangements of the officers of the yard, and the 
Naval architect, Mr. Humphries, who had every thing in his 
department prepared, in the most complete and judicious manner 
possible. The ship, in going off her ways, moved with the ease 
and silence of a mere jolly boat, though with the resistless force 
of an avalanche. 

We do not recollect of ever having seen so large an assemblage 
of people, except upon one occasion — perhaps not even then; we 
allude to the entry of " the Nation's Guest," the good Lafayette, 
into New York, on his arrival in this country in 1824. It is said, 
that at least Forty Thousand persons have arrived in this city 
within three or four days past. These were probably all present, 
and every man woman and child in the city, who could go^ turn- 
ed out. The number present, therefore, could not have been short 
of One Hundred Thousand. It is estimated that there were 
at least Three Hundred vessels and boats upon the river, and 
we saw both shores lined with people, as far as the eye could 
reach." 

DIMENSIONS, &c. 

The Masts of the Pennsylvania tower to about the heighth of 
Two Hundred and Fifty feet ; and from her flying jib-boom, 
to the end of the spanker-boom, is over Three Hundred and 



141 



Sevenly-Five feet: Her Main-Yard measures ahoni One Hun- 
dred and Twentij feet : Her heaviest Anchor weighs about 
Ten Thousand Pounds. She has three Gun Decks, a Spar 
and Orlop Deck ; and is pierced for One Hundred and Forty 
Guns. 

As a specimen of Naval Architecture, in wliich tlie choicest 
Live Oak, White Oak, and Yellow Pine, arc judiciously com- 
bined, she may well bj, the pride of Naval Architecture, and 
particularly that of AMERICA. 




PHILADELPHIA NAVY YARD. 



The Navy Yard is situated upon the Banks of the River Dela- 
ware, below the City, at the Southern extremity of Swanson 



142 

Street. The grounds embrace about twelve acres, enclosed by 
a high and substantial brick wall. The various Buildings in the 
yard are, the Officer's residences ; Quarters for the marines and 
soldiers ; work-shops, and other structures, growing out of naval 
operations. The largest building in the view is the one, in which, 
the ship of war, " Pennsylvania," was constructed: It is Two 
Hundred and Seventy feet in length, Eighty-Four feet in width, 
and One Hundred and Three feet in heighth. 

In another large ship-house, there is now, upon the stocks, a 
Forty-four Gun Frigate, which has been several years in pro- 
gress. In the elegant Prints, published by Mr. Bowen, the 
view of the Navy Yard, represents the River Delaware, covered 
with the shipping, from a point below the Navy Yard, extending 
up as far as Kensington, which is dimly traced in the distance. 
Wind-mill Island, where the pirates were hung, many years 
since, is also seen, opposite the heart of the city, while the shore 
of Camden beyond is partially seen, at distant points. 

Efforts are now making, to procure the establishment of a Dry 
Dock, in connexion with the Philadelphia Navy Yard, which, it 
is to be hoped, may finally prove successful, as the interests of 
the Merchant and the Navy, would be eminently advanced by 
such a work. 

This station is now, under the command of the gallant Com- 
modore STEWART, whose laurels have shed lustre, upon Penn- 
sylvania, the State of his nativity. 

I. T, Bowen's Lithographic Press, 94 Walnut St. 

In reviewing the interior of the Navy Yard, the rows of 
massy Ordinance, the store-houses for ship timber, the mast 
sheds, and the smitheries, &:c. cannot escape the attention of con- 
noisseurs in Naval Architecture. — Some pieces of cannon, of both 
brass and iron, trophies from our enemies, bearing the insignia 
of foreign powers, will attract the attention of the curious observer. 



143 
SHIP BUILDING. 



The Mechanical skill of the Philadelphia Ship Builders is well 
known, throu£;houi the United States, and the beautiful Merchant 
and Packet Ships, which now, form the Lines of connexion with 
Europe, and other quarters of the world, add not a little, to their 
fame, as well as display the skill, of our ship-masters and navi- 
gators. 




CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. 

An association of Merchants was formed in 1801, to meet 
monthly ; and thirteen members to form a quorum : Their duties 
are, to promote the advancement of mercantile character, and 
adjust disputes between Merchants and others ; and the members 
obligate themselves to abide the awards of a Committee, drawn 
from among their members. 



144 




145 
PILOTS ON THE DELAWARE. 

Three classes of Pilots, arranged according to the depth 
of water, drawn by the vessels, which they are allowed to 
take charge of, have been established; those of an inferior grade, 
having to serve several years, before they can take charge of the 
heaviest ships. 

WARDENS. 

A Board of Wardens existed as early as 1803; and a Master, 
with assistant Wardens has been appointed by the Governor, with 
authority to adjust the differences, between masters and owners 
of vessels, and with authority to direct the mooring of vessels, &c. 



CITY COMMISSIONERS. 

Four persons arc annually appointed, by the Mayor, in 
January. Their duty is to superintend the public property, the 
paving and regulating the Streets : The cleansing of the Streets, 
is accomplished by scavengers, who collect the filth of the city, 
and remove it to a suitable place of deposit. 



PHARMACY, MEDICINES, &, CHEMICALS. 

The College of Pharmacy has erected in Zane Street, near 
Seventh, a Hall, purposely for the uses of the Institution, in which, 
Lectures are delivered, in the winter season, on Chemistry, 
Pharmacy, Botany, and Materia iNIedica. The influence of the 
exertions of the members of the College, by thoroughly instruct- 
ing their pupils, and assistants, and thereby guarding the public 
against imposition, is generally felt throughout the city : and the 

salutary effect is spreading itself througout the country, by the 
R 



146 

aid of the scientific Quarterly Journal of the Institution. Besides 
the advantages alluded to, a commendable spirit of investigation, 
is excited among (particularly) the juvenile members of the col- 
lege, which will, if properly encouraged, add to the scientific 
fame of our country. 

Chemicals, Pig^ments, Colors, &c. 

Large quantities of excellent Chemicals, Pigments, Colors, 
Acids, and other articles, generally used by Physicians, Druggists, 
Dyers, Painters, and Artizans, are manufactured in this city, 
and its vicinity, and the time will probably soon arrive, when 
those at present imported, will be entirely displaced by articles, 
of equal quality, of Domestic manufacture. 

Messrs. Wetherills, John Farr & Co. Kurlbaum & Co. Carter 
& Scattergood, and others, are extensively engaged in the manu- 
facture of coarse and fine Chemicals, Pigments, &c ; and Messrs. 
Smith & Hodgson, in Arch Street ; and Charles Ellis, 50 Ches- 
nut Street, and others in the city, pay great attention to the com- 
pounding, and Importation of choice Medicines. 

Licctiires of the Colleg^e of Pharmacy. 

The Introductory Lectures to the course, of the College, are 
given in the early part of November, and the course is continued 
on regularly appointed Evenings of every week, until March, fol- 
lowing. 

Franklin Baciie, M. D. Lecturer on Chemistry, 

(Mineralogy, &c. 

Joseph Carson, M. D. Lecturer on Materia Medi- 

(ca, Botany, &c. 

SURaiCAL INSTRUMENTS. 

Formerly our surgeons depended entirely on importations, for 
their supplies, of all kinds of instruments : At the present time, 
the city of Philadelphia has in successful operation, several estab- 
lishments, for the fabrication of every kind of instruments for Sur- 



147 



geons, Occulists, Accoucheurs, Dentists, Cuppers, Dissectors, Bar- 
bers, Farriers, &c. almost all of vvliicii, can now be obtained, in 
this city, of the best quality, at wholesale, at the extensive Manu- 
factory of Messrs. Wiegand & Snowden, No. 15 North Fifth 
Street, and of Mr. Rorer, in N. 6thst. andMr. Schively, S.8th. 



MANUFACTURE OF SILK, &c. 

In common with other sections of our country, the citizens of 
Philadelphia, and the neighborhood, are turning their industry, 
and embarking their capital, in the highly promising business of 
raising the silk- worm, and cultivating the Morus Multicaulis; 
and also, the manufacture of articles of Silk. 

Although the heat of speculation, especially in the Morus, may 
give to this national enterprise, for a short time, the character 
of desperate adventure, still, the final result cannot be doubted, 
by those, who take an extensive view of the great destiny, which 
awaits our happy country, connected with the permanent interest 
of which, the progress of every branch of useful manufacture, is 
intimately blended. — The rapid advance of cotton manufactures 
of coarse goods, from an infant state, to one of almost perfec- 
tion, has taken from the business of the house-wife, part of her 
employment, in the production of domestic goods, for farm use. — 
The cultivation of silk, which indispensably, calls for numerous 
hands, to select leaves, and feed the worms, promises to profita- 
bly fill the vacuum, produced by the monopolizing action, of 
the manufacture of cotton goods, which has distanced all domestic 
competition. 

It is highly probable, that in a few years, the agreeable specta- 
cle will be presented, of avast silk-growing section, immediate- 
ly in our vicinity, an event, well calculated to enhance the value 
of female labor, as most of the employments connected with 
all the operations of weaving, and manufacture, may be perform- 
ed by females and children ; and thus, will be opened a great 
field for industry and wealth. 



148 

The spirit which actuates the enterprise of silk-raising, may be 
estimated, by the early formation of a National Society, which 
has already sat in Convention, and recommended the formation 
ofauxilliary branches. A Manufactory of Silk Goods, is in 
a successful operation in Stamper's Alley, in this city, where 
more than thirty individuals are constantly employed. Several 
wealthy gentlemen in this vicinity, have already, engaged ex- 
tensively in erecting suitable buildings for feeding the silk-worms, 
and for the manufuacturing of silk, among whom Philip Physic, 
Esq. (son of the late Doctor P.) and Dr. J. Clark, are pro- 
gressing rapidly, in this great enterprize. 



CHRIST CHURCH. 

This ancient edifice was first established in 1695, having been 
erected under the auspices of the Rev. Mr. Clayton. It was, 
originally, it appears, only one story high, and according to the 
best evidences that can be obtained, it was even so low in the 
ceiling, as to be easily touched by persons with uplifted hands. — 
The bell which was used to summon the people to church, was 
hung on a large tree, in front. 

In 1710, it appears to have been enlarged, by a far more com- 
modious edifice, which was runup, over the old, where they con- 
tinued to worship, until the new structure was completed, or so 
far advanced as to enable the congregation to worship in it. 

In 1727, the western end of the Church, as it is now presented 
to the observer, was erected. The eastern side put up in 1731. The 
towering steeple, the most lofty in the city, was elevated in 1753 
— 54. The solemn style of the architecture which prevails through- 
out the edifice, is like that adopted in the execution of the " Old 
State House," and is said to have been introduced by a physician 
of Philadelphia, Dr. John Kearsley, who was popular in his pro- 
fession, in those days. It is constructed with brick-work through- 
out. 



149 

The steeple, which has been often extolled, for its chaste sim- 
plicity of construction, in the most elegant variety of architectural 
forms, was elevated, it would appear, as a peculiar Monument 
of Philadelphia. The war having ended in 1784, a lottery was 
authorised to raise " £1012 10 s. 3," for aiding the construction 
of a steeple on "Christ Church," which amount was so raised. 
There was also a lottery, for the benefit of the vestry, and the 
whole amount raised by lottery, appears to have been $36,000. 
The steeple is one hundred and nineiy-six feet in heighth. The 
cost of the steeple was £2,100, and the eight bells, imported 
from England, cost £000. The whole weio;ht of the bells, SlCOlbs. 
the tenor one weighing 1800 lbs. When they were first put up, 
they were a great novelty, and when chimed, people came from 
the neighboring villages, to listen to their musical tones. The 
bells were taken down at one time, and sunk in the Delaware 
river, to keep them from falling into the hands of the British, but 
again hung up immediately, on the evacuation of the city. Amid 
these revolutionary scenes, too, the spirit of Independence, could 
not longer brook the appearance of the Bust of King George, 
carved in relief, in fiont. Some brave patriots procured a ladder, 
and ascending with a hatchet, chopped off his head, leaving the 
crownless trunk, a warning to all future oppressors, of the in- 
alienable rights of man. 

Some of the original Communion Plate of the Church, was 
presented by Queen Anne, in 1708. 

The ministerial offices were holden by several successors to the 
Rev. Mr. Clayton. 

The Rev. ]Mr. White was installed, as an assistant, of the 
Rev. Mr. Peters, in 1772, who was finally, consecrated Bishop 
of the Episcopal Church, in 1787, which office he continued to 
fill, over one of the most respectable Churches in America, through 
all the trying scenes of the revolution, and the various vicissi- 
tudes of our infant REPUBLIC, until DEATH gathered him to 
his Fathers, to reap the Rewards of a Life, adorned by the 
purest principles of Christianity. 

— I. T. Bowcn'a Lithographic Press, 94 Walnut St 



150 




AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY. 



The following remarks on the necessary efforts, to give a due 
circulation to the Sacred Scriptures, is from a Letter addressed to 
the Editor of the " Presbyterian" ; and as it presents a warm 
appeal in behalf of the BIBLE, it is not necessary to apologize 
for its insertion in a work, professing to give a brief account, of 
th«? City of Brotherly Love, the Head Quarters of Religious 
action and feeling. 

" Nearly ten years have now elapsed, since the American 
Bible Society Resolved, in connexion with its local auxiliaries, 
to supply every destitute family in the country, with a copy of 
the Holy Scriptures. Before the close of three years, this noble 
work was nearly accomplished : half a million of families were 
thus, put in possession of the sacred oracles. 

Good and great benefits have resulted, as we have already 
seen, though the extent of this good, will never be known until all 
men are gathered before Him, who has declared, that " His 
Word shall not return unto Him void." Since this general sup- 
ply of the country, seven or eight years have passed by. A re-ex- 
amination of a few counties, in the states of Vermont, New York, 
and Ohio, during the last years, has convinced the Managers of 
the Parent Society, that an appalling destitution of the scriptures 



151 

AGAiv prevails, in almost every part of the land : They feel a deep, 
and anxious solicitude that new investigations should be made, in 
every state and county, and that ALL our dwellings should once 
more, be furnished in some way, with the Word of God. They 
arc resolved to do their part, in effecting such a supply ; and they 
beg leave to urge upon conductors of auxiliary societies, the 
importance of an early attention to the same. By a little prompt 
and energetic action, the members of each local society, can be 
convened, exploring committees can be appointed, books can be 
ordered, for cash or short credit, or if needful, solicited gra- 
tuitously, and the destitute thus be supplied. Many of those local 
societies, are in a languishing condition, and need to be roused : 
They are the best of all instrumentalities, for the wide distribu- 
tion of the scriptures : But they require the watchful and en- 
couraging attention of their respective officers, and of all, who 
would perpetuate our civil blessings, or prepare men for the retri- 
butions of a coming world. 

But the Managers of the American Bible Society, have a fur- 
ther subject to present, namely, the growing demands for the 
scriptures in foreign countries. 

In addition to frequent calls from Canada, Texas, Brazils, 
and the West Indies, they have still more extensive, and ur- 
gent applications, from Southern Russia, Greece, Persia, India, 
and the Sandwich Islands. From one Missionary station alone, 
they have a repeated solicitation for $25,000, to aid in printing 
and circulating the scriptures ; from another station $10,000 ; — 
from two others, $3,000 ; from another $2,000 ; and from several 
$1,000. Applications for aid, to the amount of $42,300 are now, 
before the Board, and after a conference with the officers, of the 
several Missionary societies, Presbyterian, Episcopal, xMethodists, 
Board of Missions in Boston, &c. they see not how they can well 
avoid paying out, from $25,000 to $30,000, before the next an- 
nual Meeting in May, if this sum can possibly be obtained. 

Within a few days, an urgent call has been presented from Persia, 
for means to print the Bible, in Syriac, at Ooroomiah, and other 



152 

calls equally important, from the Society's Agent, in the Levant, 
towards publishing the Armenian, and the Hebrew-Spanish scrip- 
tures. 

It is respectfully asked, that the above statements may receive 
attention. Clergymen it is hoped, will spread the facts given, 
before their respective congregations, and encourage auxiliary 
societies, to engage at once, either in the supply of their own 
destitute families, or in raising means to supply the destitute, 
abroad. 

Nothing can be more certain to a Protestant, than that millions 
of Bibles must be prepared, and circulated, before the world is 
converted to Jesus Chi'ist. They must be furnished too, by those 
who possess, and appreciate the Bible. 

The time is come, to prosecute this work on a large scale ; 
the doors are open, in almost every land ; Christian Missionaries 
and Agents are abroad, eager to prepare and circulate, this 
Sacred Volume ; all things seem to be ready, and invite to action. 
Our desire, and Prayer to God is, that the cause of the Bible, 
may THIS YEAR, receive a NEW impulse, throughout the 
length and breadth of our land." 

DCP Among the numerous Benevolent Societies in this City, 
the Bible, Tract, Missionary, Education, and Sunday School, 
sustain an intimate connexion. Each is necessary in its place ; — 
and all combined, form a comprehensive, well organized and 
efficient system of Agencies, for the spread of the Gospel. Each 
has its peculiar claims, and the arguments for each, are weighty ; 
and must carry conviction to every candid, and unprejudiced 
mind. 




153 



DORCAS SOCIETIES. 

Of the numerous Associations of a Benevolent tendency, abound- 
ing in this city, none can claim a more truly practical character, 
than the Dorcas societies, combining the action of wealthy and 
industrious ladies, for the purpose of procuring comfortable 
clothing, for the meritorious POOR, those whoso condition has 
resulted from the afflicting Dispensation of Providence, or from 
unforeseen events of human life. Their particular action is excited 
by visitations of severe and protracted cold weather, or other 
vicissitudes of an inclement season. 




PHILADELPHIA SACRED MUSIC SOCIETY. 



The object of this Institution, which has now been about five 

years in existence, is the cultivation of tlie higher branches of 

Music, both Vocal and Instrumental. Tlie number of performers 

is over 100 : Four Concerts are given every season, at which, are 

produced, and in the most creditable manner, the best musical 

compositions extant. J^'chools, for primary instruction in Music, 

both vocal and instrumental, have been established by the Society^ 

and are now in successful operation, in the Society's hall, ((Jherry 
S 



154 

Street, near Fifth. The annual contribution paid by each 
member of the Society is Five Dollars. 

BENJAMIN MATTHIAS, President, 
DAVID S. FREELAND, Treasurer, 
SAMUEL H. DAVIS, Secretary, 
H. KNAUFF, Instrumental Conductor, 
D. WILLIAMS, Vocal Conductor. 




SACRED MUSIC SOCIETY. 

The SCHOOLS in connexion with the " Philadelphia Sacred 
Music Society," have a regular Session, under the care of Mr. 
Luke P. Lincoln, from the " Boston Academy of Music :" The 
object of which is, especially, to Improve the taste for Sacred 
Music. The charges are moderate, and the pupils are entitled 
to admission to the Concerts of the Sacred Music Society. 

Classes of ladies and gentlemen meet on several evenings in 
each week : And a juvenile class assembles on Saturday after- 
noons. 

HZr* Instructions are also given in Instrumental Music. 

JAMES R. DICKSON, Sec'ry. 




ORATORIOS, CONCERTS, &c. 

The advancement of the Arts and Sciences, is well illustrated, 
by the refined taste evinced, in the patronage of Sacred Orato- 



155 

rios, Concerts, &,c. in which, a large collection of musical talent, 
is displayed, and generally an improved taste for Music, in the 
fashionable circles of society, is apparent. 

Oratorios and (/oncerts, under the patronage of the MUSICAL 
FUND SOt'IETY, and the Musical Associations, are regularly 
given yearly, in which, the celebrated works of Handel, Hayden, 
Mozart, and other distinguished authors, are performed, with 
decided talent, comparable with similar efforts in other countries ; 
although in the number of instrumental and vocal performers, they 
cannot be expected, to rival the Musical Festivals, in England, 
or the great Opera performances of Continental Europe. 



PUBLIC BATHS. 

ESSENTIAI. TO HEALTH. 

One of the most important results, of the ample supply of pure 
water, afforded by the Fair Mount Water Works, is the erection 
of the BATHING ESTABLISHMENTS in this City, by 
liberal and enterprising individuals, for Public Benefit. One of 
these is situated near Laurel Street, between 2d and 3d. Streets. 
Another in La Granjie Place, near 2d and Arch Streets : And 
another, by far the largest, most central and elegant, has been 
erected by William Swaim, Esq. at the corner of Seventh and 
George Streets, in the vicinity of elegant Hotels, Museums, &c. 
The Baths are amply supplied with marble and copper bathing 
vessels, in neat, spacious, and convenient apartments. Warm 
and cold shower-baths, may here be obtained, at all seasons of 
the year. 

Adjoining, and connected with this spacious and elegant build- 
ing, are several retired and convenient apartments, neatly fur- 
nished as bathing rooms, for ladies. This department is constant- 
ly attended by female superintendents. — This establishment is 
perhaps, the most extensive, costly, and elegant, of any thing 
of the kind in the United States. 



156 

INFIRMARY, FOR THE RELIEF OF POOR PERSONS 

L,abojmg uBider IIEKNIA, or RUPTURE, 

IVo. 9§ I^ocnst Street, above PJiutli, Philadelphia. 

Board of Superintendents, 

James Atwood, Esq. Robert Huston, M. D. 

Joseph R. Chandler, Esq Samuel G. Morton, M. D. 
Joshua Einlen, Esq. Samuel Tucker, M, D. 

John Wiegand, Esq. 

Herber Chase, M. D. Surgeon, No. Ill, S. Ninth St. 
Reynell Coates, M. D. Consulting Surgeon, and ex-ojjicio 

{Member of the Board. 

TCr" Patients will be received on Monday, and Friday of each 
week, between the hours of five and six o'clock, in the afternoon. 




PRINCIPAL HOTELS. 

The Hotels (generally) both in their external and internal ar- 
rangements, display an advancement, commensurate with other 



Id/ 

improvements, among which may be mentioned as worthy of 
particular notice, are the followinff : The Washington House, a 
new and splenchd edifice, in (Jhcsnut Street, adjoining the Masonic 
Hall. Marshall House, Chesnut Street. North American Hotel, 
Chesniit Street. United States' Hotel, Chesnut Street. Mansion 
House Hotel, 3d, near Spruce St. Congress Hall, Chesnut St. 
Merchants' Hotel, 4th, near Arch St. Tremont House, Chesnut 
St. Mount Vernon House, 2d Street, near Arch. Madison 
House, 2d St. near Market. City Hotel, 3d St. near Arch. — 
Western Exchange Hotel, Market St. above Broad St. Old Red 
Lion Hotel, in Market Street. Indian Queen Hotel, 4th, St. near 
Chesnut Street. AV'hite Swan Hotel, Race St. near 3d. Third 
Street Hall, near Willow St. Second Street House, near Arch 
St. National Hotel, corner of Ninth and Market Streets. Wal- 
nut Street House, foot of Walnut Street. Golden Swan Hotel, 
Third Street, near Arch St. &c. 



THE ARCADE. 

The site of which, was formerly occupied by the late Hon. 
Judge Tilghman, as his private residence, is now covered with 
an extensive Arcade. This Building, although ornamental, has 
languished, since its erection, probably owing to the general 
beauty of this city, and its great uniformity, the want of which, 
in many other cities, has rendered Arcades, more cherished ob- 
jects. Philadelphia has almost all the conveniences of an exten- 
sive Arcade, so beautiful are the arrangement of its streets, for 
shade, and side-walks, &c. 

— w^ >ti "^je- 



SOCIETY OF FRIENDS. 

The Society of FRIENDS, whose peculiar tenets were brought 
to this country, by the peace-loving William Penn, has about 
ten spacious Meeting Houses for worship, in this city, and many 
others in the immediate vicinity. Their first place of worship 



158 

was at Kensington ; afterward a building was erected at the 
corner of Second and Market Streets, which was finally removed, 
in 1808. The Society was divided, by a small secession from 
their members, by a part, who slyled themselves " Free," or 
" Whig," Quakers, who erected a separate house of worship, 
at the corner of Fifth and Arch Streets : this occurred during the 
Revolution, and was prompted by a desire, to lake, on their part, 
an active stand, in favor of the principles of Independence. Ano- 
ther division has occurred, within a few years, which has ranked 
the Friends, into two classes, throughout the whole country ; — 
one of which is denominated " Orthodox," and the other, "Hicksite," 
from the improvements, and peculiar preaching, of Elias Hicks, 
deceased. 

As citizens, and as a religious body, the Friends (or Quakers) 
have no superiors, if they even have equals ; — their course is 
marked, by a peculiarly correct deportment, studying neatness, 
without ostentation ; they ardently pursue all the solid Improve- 
ments of the mind, and reject every thing frivolous, and un- 
necessary. 

They keep a strict watch over the moral deportment of their 
Members, and study to accelerate their advancement, in every 
laudable undertaking. 

Marriages are contracted, with the consent, and approbation 
of their regular Meetings, and solemnized before the whole con- 
gregation. Their POOR are always provided for, by the Socie- 
ty ; and they never become a public charge, if they have a good 
standing in the Society. 

Their peculiar tenets may be found, in the Theological works, 
o^ William Penn, Charles Fox, and other distinguished writers, 
of their times ; men, not surpassed by any, for meekness, and 
deep knowledge of the Sacred writings. 



159 

SOCIETY OF METHODISTS. 

The success of this sect in America is almost unparalleled, ihey 
probably, at this time, out-numbcr any other. About 176G, 
Philip Embury, a local preacher arrived in New York ; assisted 
by Captain Webb, of the British navy, he formed a small society. 
About the same time, Mr. Strawbridge, also a local preacher, 
settled in Frederick county Maryland, and formed a small society 
there. In 1769, Joseph Palmer and Richard Rankin, two re- 
gular INIethodist Missionaries arrived. In 1773, the first Methodist 
Conference was held in Philadelphia, numbering only ten itinerant 
ministers, including three English Missionaries ; — at that time, 
the church contained 1160 members. During the Revolution, 
all the Missionaries returned, except Francis Asbury. The 
operations of the Gospel at this time, were much restricted, and 
most of the Episcopal Churches were shut, for want of ministers. 
In May, 1783, the Methodist Conference sat, at that time the 
Society consisted of about eighty eftective travelling preachers, 
and 13,740 Chuich members. The General Conference minutes 
for 1838, exhibit the following condition of the Society ; Five 
Bishops; Twenty-eight Conferences; Three Thousand One 
Hundred and six itinerant preachers ; Two Hundred and sixteen 
superanuated ministers ; 5792 local preachers ; and 086,574 
Church Members. 

Their ministers are steady to their purposes, nothing diverts 
them from their duties ; and wherever settlements are extend- 
ed, there their ministers are found, preaching the gospel ; and the 
gospel is now preached by them, west of the Rocky Mountains. 

Wherever the English language is spoken in America, the 
country is laid out in districts, and the districts into circuits ; and 
appointments are annually made for each circuit. 

Methodist peculiarities have every where been spoken against, 
by those who know the least of them. The membership is divided 
into classes, one is appointed as a leader ; — these leaders meet the 
preacher, at stated times, to consult on the welfare of the Church, 



160 

under their care ; these classes are not arrangements for confes- 
sion : nothing is ever said in class-meeting, that could offend the 
most delicate ear; but these, wiih all other private meetings of 
the Church, are intended, as means of Grace, calculated to in- 
struct the ignorant, strengthen the weak, to reclaim the back- 
slider, and to build up believers : nor are their private meetings 
so extensive, but, that any well-disposed person may, on applica- 
tion, have admission into any of them. 

As to their Doctrines, they preach Free Salvation, by Faith in 
the Lord Jesus Christ. They often declaim against extravagance, 
and superfluity in dress, and needless ornaments, and recommend 
to their hearers, the propriety of giving to the poor, or to the 
propagation of the Gospel, rather than indulging in useless orna- 
ments : but, uniformity of dress has never been obtained among 
the Methodists. As faith cometh by hearing, and many sinners 
never go to Church to hear the Gospel, occasionally CAMP- 
MEETINGS are resorted to, in order to bring them under Gos- 
pel influence ; — and although some may misbehave at these meet- 
ings, yet, many who go to scoff", return home to pray. 

It may now be said, emphatically, that the poor have the gospel 
preached to them. As high as their standard of christian morali- 
ty is, and as strict as is their discipline, it is none other than is 
found between the lids of the Bible, which they take as their 
guide, in faith and practice. 




The Methodists attend much to SUNDAY SCHOOLS, and 



161 

wherever practicable, Children are collected, and not only taught 
to read, but are also taught their duty, towards GOD and man • 
and at this time, in our city, there are nearly Fifteen Hundred 
private members of the Church, engaged as superintendents and 
teachers, in Sunday Schools, having perhaps, near Ten Thou- 
sand children, under instruction. 

The INfcthodists have many Missionary Societies, by whom, 
considerable sums of money are raised, and appropriated towards 
maintaining ministers to preach the Gospel among them : They 
have many Missionaries in foreign lands, viz; Africa, South Ame- 
rica, &c. And as they believe, the savages must be christianized, 
before they can be civilized : They have many Missionaries among 
them who have been, more or less successful : These Missionaries 
are upheld, at an expense of above i$ 100,000 per annum. 

Indeed, the Methodist system is one great Missionary concern, 
which maintains between Three and Four Thousand Missionaries, 
and their families, with no other funds than the free-will offerings 
of their members, and their friends, except about $2,000 per an- 
num. The proceeds of the chartered fund, and the profits of an 
extensive BOOK CONCERN, begun without capital, of from 
15 to $18,000 per annum.— These sums added together, and divi- 
ded among between three and four thousand itinerant Ministers, 
will give each one, about as much as will annually, purchase him 
a hat. 

[O^ The whole number of members of the Methodist Episcopal 
Church, in the United States, is now, 728,625, without including 
those in Canada. — The total increase, from Dec. 1837, to 1838, 
was 59,572. 

In 1816, the colored Methodists of this city, withdrew from 
this Society, and placed themselves under the government of their 
own color. 

DG^ More information may be obtained, by consulting Buck's 
Theological Dictionary, on the Methodists Discipline ; the latest 
edition may be found,'at the METHODISTS' BOOK STORE, 
North Fourth Street, below Arch st. 



162 




ENGINE and HOSE COMPANIES, 

AND FIKE ASSOCIATION. 

The extent and splendor of the FIRE APPARATUS of thrs 
city, is entirely unsu-'passed, by any city of equal size. About 
FIFTY Engine and Hose Companies are efficiently organized and 
provided with Engines of great power and beauty, and Hose 
carriages of the highest finish, located in suitable places in the 
city and surrounding Districts. 

The Hose carriages are capable of concentrating on any one 
object, a very large quantity of water, by the means of over 
30,000 feet of Hose. The joint action of the Engine and Hose 
Companies, in time of fire, is the subject of admiration and aston- 
ishment, as they often extinguish the most combustible materials, 
and arrest a fire with the utmost facility and certainty. 

The Engine and Hose Companies are voluntary associations, 
receiving only partial assistance from the City Councils, Com- 
missioners of the Districts, Fire Insurance Companies, Liberal 
minded Citizens, and spirited Managers of Public Institutions, in 
the shape of Benefits. The chief expense of the Apparatus, and all 
the arduous labor of transporting their instruments to and from the 
scene of action, and the dangerous duties of extinguishing the 
fires, falling on the generous hearted individuals who have associ- 
ated themselves together, as public guardians, by day and night, 
against that destructive element, which, in other cities is the 
subject of so much excitement and terror. 



163 




FIRE-MENS' PROCESSION. 

Ill order to celebrate the Union of the Fn-e Department, for 
more efficient action, they (occasionally) parade, on their Anni- 
versary, in splendid procession, with all the Apparatus, Para- 
phanalia, Insignia, &c. arranged with mounted marshals, bands 
of music, interspersed at several parts of the long line of Engines 
and Hose carriages. 

The carriages are drawn by horses, purposely selected for the 
occasion, and the number of Fire-men who appear in the proces- 
sion exceeds 2,000 effective and enterprising men. This proces- 
sion forms a very imposing object, extending as it does, over 
one mile in length. 

O^r* The first Engine Company was organized more than a 
century ago, and the Hose Companies were suggested by the late 
Messrs. Haines and Vaux. 

FUND FOR DISABLED FniE-3IEN. 

The Fire Department has estahli.-hed a Fund, for the protec- 
tion of disabled Fire-men, and their laudable endeavors to create 
an adequate refuge, in cases of distress, have been promoted, 
by contributions from individuals, and by benefits, from public 
institutions. 



164 

The following gentlemen are the officers of the " Philadelphia 
Association," for the relief of DISABLED FIRE-MEN : 

CHARLES SCHAFFER, President, 
GEORGE W. TRYON, Vice President, 
SAMUEL P. GRIFFITHS, Jr. Secretary, 
JOHN RUTHERFORD, Assistant Secretary. 

COMMITTEE of Trustees, to administer RELIEF. 

William P. Smith, Jacob Eshler, Adam Dialogue, John 
Allen, Joseph R. Paulson, and James Dalzell. 

NAMES OF ENGINE COMPANIES. 

Assistance. Reliance. Pennsylvania. Hirbernia. Washing- 
ton. Columbia. Vigilant. Diligent. Harmony. Delaware. 
Philadelphia. Good Will. Hand in Hand. Phcenix. Fame. 
Humane. Northern Liberties. United States. Friendship. 
Weccacoe. Southwark. Franklin. Fair Mount. Hope. Good 
Intent. Globe. 

NAMES OF HOSE COMPANIES. 

Columbia. Hope. Resolution. Philadelphia. Fame. Nep- 
tune. Southwark. Phoenix. Good Intent. Perseverance. 
Washington. America. Robert Morris. Schuylkill. Good 
Will. Warren. Western. Humane. Northern Liberties. 
United States. William Penn. Niagara. Marion. Diligent. 
Pennsylvania. Franklin. La Fayette. Moyamensing. 



CHRISTMAS & NEW YEARS. 

The occurrence of those great and joyful festivals, are now, 
more generally (and religiously) observed, than formerly. Religi- 
ous meetings are held by Presbyterians, as well as other denomi- 
nations ; whereas the celebrations of former days, were more ex- 
clusively confined, to Episcopalians and Roman Chatholics. 

The kind and character of the annual presents, made to parti- 



165 



cular friends, and children, are also more exalted, and calcu- 
lated to impress on the intellect, rather than the sensual appetites. 
The Presents now, are of a philosophical character, consisting 
of illustrations of natural philosophy, such as magic lantherns, 
devices to exhibit gravity; Annuals, containing moral and reli- 
gious subjects, maps, and an almost endless variety of Books, 
illustrative of our literary advancement, as well as improvement 
in the art of 1'iunting, Book Binding, &lc. 

The Iloly-days arc now devoted to social and mental improve- 
ment ; and the various disgusting drinks, which were formerly, 
considered as essential to the hilarity of the occasion, are almost 
entirely banished from genteel society : And it is devoutly, to be 
hoped, that the onward progress of the great cause of Temperance, 
will finally, infuse into the minds of the rising generation, an utter 
detestationof the abuse of all intoxicating liquors, and the exam- 
ples of dereliction, be confined exclusively to those who, from 
ignorance, violate the standard rules of good society. 

It may also be remarked, that the cultivation of the love of 
Natural History, and a laudable taste for the Fine Arts, is seen, 
even in the rising generation of children : And our Christrnas 
Present^, often consist of Tickets to the Zoological Institute, 
The splendid Chinese Collection, Panoramas, Dioramas, and 
other Exhibitions of natural and artificial curiosities, concerts of 
music, &:c. 




THE BRIDGES. 



The permanent Bridge, built of the best materials, is a struc- 
ture highly ornamental to the Schuylkill, connecting Market 



166 

Street with West Philadelphia. The Fair Mount Bridge, recently 
destroyed by fire, was a single span of over 300 feet, with a light 
and airy appearance, and extremely beautiful, in connexion with 
the falls of the Fair Mount dam. 

A new Bridge has been erected, near the floating bridge, at 
Gray's Ferry, with a moveable draw, of sufficient size to allow 
the largest vessel in the growing coal trade, to sail through with 
ease : This bridge, which was constructed by the " Baltimore 
and Philadelphia Raid Road Company," has sustained considera- 
ble injury, from the great ice freshet, which occurred on the 26th 
January, 1839, which swept away one of the piers, and two of 
its sections. The floating bridge at Gray's Ferry, was also carried 
away, by the violence of the same flood. We are happy to learn 
that all the damage occurring, from that rapid rise of the Schuyl- 
kill, are in rapid progress of repair, and that both the bridges are 
now passable. 

The water on that occason rose so rapidly, that houses with 
their inhabitants, and stables with their contents, situated on 
the margin of the river, were swept away. The wharves on the 
Schuylkill were piled with ice, and several loaded vessels floated 
into situations, that required their being re-launched, from the 
wharves. 

It may be remarked, in relation to bridges, that a law has re- 
cently been passed, authorising the erection of a FREE BRIDGE, 
at the site of the late beautiful structure, near Fair Mount, and 
one also at Arch Street, unless the permanent bridge company 
shall surrender their bridge to the city, for the sum of Eighty 
Thousand Dollars, and an equivolent in TOLLS, to Thirty Thou-* 
sond Dollars more, making tlieir whole compensation One Hun- 
dred and Ten Thousand Dollars. Upon the acceptance of this 
proposition, the city will make the present '* permanent bridge," 
FREE, and the one contemplated, at Aich Street, will not be 
erected. 

The permanent bridge was erected in the most substantial 
manner, at a cost of Three Hundred and Thirty Thousand Dd- 



1G7 

lars, cofl'er dams having been sunk to the bottom of the river, 
about 29 feet, and the foundation of one of the piers carried sixteen 
feet below the bed of the river. 

DCr' Since writing the above, the " Permanent Bridge Company" 
have acceded to the law, making it a FUEE BRIDGE. 



Ai^ECDOTE OF GE:VERAI. AVASHI^'GTOIV. 

The surprise and capture of the Hessian troops at Trenton, is 
a well remembered event in our revolutionary history. It occurred 
at the darkest period of the struggle, and it was at the hour, w hen 
the hopes of the most sanguine had almost failed, that God so sig- 
nally interposed, to save our land. On the eventful morning, 
Col. BiDDLE, of Philadelphia, rode by the side of Gen. Washing- 
ton ; and it is from his oft repeated relation of the circumstances 
of that contest, that we have derived a knowledge of the interest- 
ing fact. The American troops crossed the Delaware, about nine 
miles above Trenton, and marched in two divisions upon the 
town. This unexpected approach, and vigorous attack of foes, 
supposed to be dispirited and defeated, was completely succsesful, 
and although the floating ice in the river had delayed the crossing, 
and it was 8 o'clock when Washington entered the village, the 
victory was gained with ease, altogether unexpected. In a few 
minutes all the out-guards were driven in, and the American force 
having surrounded the town, resistance became fruitless, and the 
enemy surrendered. When this event was communicated to 
Washington, he was pressing forward, and animating his troops, 
by his voice and example. Instantly checking his horse, and 
throwing the reins upon his neck, the venerable man raised his 
eyes to heaven, and thus silently and emphatically acknowledged, 
from whence the victory had come, and what aid he had implored, 
to guard his beloved country, in the perilous conflict. It was not 
until the lapse of about a minute, that he paused from his devout 
thankfulnes, and oi Jered the troops to stand to their arms. 

" Presbyttrian." 



168 

THE COULIN. 

One ihe most touchin*; and exquisitely beautiful melodies extant, 
is the old Irish air, called " The COULIN," 

Those acquainted with it know, that there is a sweetness and 
sadness in the musif, which find their way directly to the heart. 
But, notwithstanding the music is universally admired, we have 
no words of a suitable character to accompany it. The original 
words, I presume, are in the Irish language, and the old English 
words to which we have, in our early youth, heard it sung, though 
partaking of the sadness of the air, are nevertheless altogether, 
unworthy of the music. 

When harmonized by Sir John Stevenson, for the piano, Mr. 
MooRE wrote words for it, which, although they partake of the 
inimitable character and sweetness of all his lyric poetry, are un- 
suitable, as a general accompaniment, partly from the local and 
national, and partly from the political character of their senti- 
ments. 

In order to remedy this difficulty, the following verses were 
writen for the authors' daughter, who is taking lessons on the 
piano, and are published at the request of a friend, who supposes 
that others, laboring under a similar difficulty, may find in them, a 
similar remedy. The principal aim in the writer, was to accommo- 
date the language to the slow and sad character of the music, and 
to be sufficiently brief for singing, as an accompaniment to an in- 
strument. 

Oh ! where sliall the bosom with sorrow oppressed, 
For its woe find a balm, for its weariness rest ? 
When the wine-cup is sparkling-, and fragrant, and bright. 
Go seek for lost peace, amid social delight. 

Or where the bright eyes of the beautiful shine, 
Wiierc lips ard more rosy, more fragrant than wine ; 
Go seek lor a sol^fe, 'mid pleaures' gay train, 
'Till joy shall revisit thy bosom again. 

Ah me ! I have sped to the banquet and ball ; 
And life's choicest pleasures, I've tasted them all ; 
And gazed upon beauty, when brightest in bloom, 
'Till fading it sunk, in the night of the tomb 1 

Then tell me of something more lasting, more fair — 
Of pleasures less fleeting, than earth's pleasures are ; — 
Like the shelter of Jonah, her comforts decay; — 
When our need is the sorest, they wither away I 
Easton, Pa, J. L. G, 



169 




^WHiWi'--HmhHH^l-Hm^htf fe[|JHl 



GROUND PLAN OF LAUREL HILL CEMETERY. 

As far as the place was surveyed into separate lots, in 1837 ; other surveys are 
in progress. Purchasers may own one lot or more, according to their inclination, 
or the^sizc of their families, and receive a deed in perpetuity. The lots vary from 
8 feet by 10, 10 by 12, to 12 by 15, &c. 

References. 1. Mansion; 2, Chapel; 3, Receiving Tomb ; 4, Superintendent's 
Cottage; 5, Coach-house; G, Stabling; 7, Green-house; 8, Statues; 9, Garden- 
er's Lodge ; 10, Porter's Lodge ; 11, Shrubbery ; 12, River Schuylkill. 




FRONT VIEW OF THE ENTRANCE TO THE CEMETERY. 



This " HOME FOR THE DEAD," is beautifully situated 
on the Ridge Road, about three miles from this City, and upon 
the banks of the River Schuylkill. It was commenced by a worthy 
Association of gentlemen, in 1836, who have procured an Act of 
Incorporation, for the better fartherance of their purpose. The 
excellent Secretary of the Board, says, — one of the first objects of 
which the Managers had in view, was to secure a spot, neither 
so near the City, as to be in danger of encroachments, by new 
buildings or streets, nor yet so far, as to present an obstacle, 
in the time which must be employed, at a funeral pace, in reach- 
ing it. Beauty of location, and a suitable soil, were also to be 
consulted ; — with these views, it was a long time before a proper 
place could be selected ; — all the requisites have been combined 
in Laurel Hill, and among them, not the least in our view, is the 
perfect adaptation of the Site, to its destined object, in regard to 
scenery. 



171 

In the second place, it was determined to divest the Cemetery 
of all objects, tending unnecessarily, to sadden the heart, or cast 
a gloomy feeling over the mind. In the separation from near and 
dear relatives and friends, \vc cxpeiicnce suflicicnt sorrow, with- 
out the concommitants of a damp solitude, neglected tombs, or 
crowded walks. 

The entrance is a pure specimen of Doric Architecture, per- 
haps the only one in America. — It occupies a space ot two hun- 
dred and sixteen feet, on the Ridge Road, three and an half miles 
from Philadelphia ; and the enclosed grounds embrace, something 
more than twenty acres, extending from the turn-pike to the river ; 
the greater part of the space, being one hundred feet above the 
highest water-mark. The entrance presents a bold and command- 
ing appearance, through which, is a vista of great beauty. On 
each side are lodges, for the accommodation of a grave-digger, and 
a gardener, while within is a Cottage Ornee, in the English style, 
for the residence of the Superintendent ; a Gothic Chapel, of beau- 
tiful proportions, and chaste workmanship, with a superb (colored 
glass) window. A large Mansion-IIouse, for visitors to rest in, 
or to retreat to, in case of a storm ; a handsome receiving tomb, 
for those who may require its use ; and stabling, sufficient to ac- 
commodate 40 carriages, should it rain at the time of a funeral; 
with a green-house, intended to be filled with such ornamental 
plants and shrubs, as may be required, for the embellishments of 
the grounds in summer, which, will not bear the cold of winter. 

In such a pleasing spot, where the birds sing over the graves, 
and flowers and trees present their ever new verdure, the dreari- 
ness is lost ; the utter oblivion that awaits the tenant of a confined 
grave-yard, is forgotten— death is here rubbed of half its horrors. 

Every nation, at one period of its history, has thus consecrated, 
a hallowed spot to the dead ! every where we trace them in the 
characteristic remains of the most distant ages, far back as 
history carries its traditionary out-lines. They are found in 
the cairns and mounds of olden times, reared by the uninstructcd 
affection of savage tribes, and every where the spots seem to have 



172 

been selected, with the same tender regard to the living and the 
dead; — that the magnificence of nature might administer comfort 
to human sorrow, and excite human sympathy. In these spots, 
family affection is gratified in the assurance, that father and child 
may repose, side by side, and no speculation scatter their bones, 
an offering to avarice, as has frequently been done, in all our 
principal ci.ies. 

1. T. Bowen's Lithographic Press, 94 Walnut St. 

Extracts from tlie REGUI^ATIONS of the CEMETERY. 

Persons on foot are admitted, on all days, except the Sabbath. 
The carriages of lot holders have free access to the grounds. — 
Saddle horses, and dogs are not admitted. On the Lord's day, 
those only are admitted, who are in attendance on funerals. A 
receiving tomb has been constructed, for the use of lot holders, 
who are entitled to its use, for ten days, in an inclement season. 
In order to keep the walks in order, coach-men are restricted to 
the avenues, and a broad- wheeled carriage has been erected, for 
the conveyance of building materials, used in constructing tombs, 
vaults, monuments, enclosures, &c. 

The raising the mounds, and erections of large slabs at the 
head and feet of graves, are considered by the Managers, as in 
bad taste, and injurious to the general appearance of the Ceme- 
tery ; they recommend the cultivation of flowers, over the hallow- 
ed spots, or the construction of a flat monumentof marble, elevated 
a few inches only, above the surrounding surface. Lots are not 
transferable, without the especial permission, in writing, of the 
Managers. 

This CEMETERY was Incorporated by the Legislature, at 
their session, in 1836-7. 

Xj^ Since its establishment, LAUREL HILL has received 
the patronage of more than FIVE HUNDRED of our most res- 
pectable and wealthy mhabitants, and w may state, without hesi- 
tation, that it is already the pride of our noble City ; it is visited 
by all strangers, who cannot fail to bestow encomiums on the 
site, and the manner in which every thing is kept. 



173 

ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND DOLLARS have been ex- 
pended upon this elegant Cemetery. 

MAIVACjJEKS, 

Appointed l>y the Act of INCORPORATION. 

NATHAN DUN.V, JOHN J. SMITH, Jr. 

BENJxlMIN W. RICPIARDS. FREDERICK BROWN. 

TRUSTEES. 

NICHOLAS BirDLE, HENRY TOLAND, 

GEORGE N. BAKER, EDWARD COLEMAN, 

WILLIAM M. MEREDITH, NATHAN DUNN, 

BENJAMIN W. RICHARDS. 

President— 'NATHAN DUNN, 

Treasurer— FREDERICK BROWN, 

iV, E. Corner of Chesnut and Fifth Streets. 

Secretary— JOlll^ J. SMITH. Jr. 

Philadelphia Library, South Fifth Street. 



CITY MISSIONARY SOCIETY. 

Benevolent and religious individuals have established a CITY 
MISSIONARY SOCIETY, for alleviating the pressing wants 
of the Poor, and ministering to their spiritual necessities ; in this 
truly benevolent object, the Rev. Thomas G. Allen has most 
faithfully and arduously labored, particularly, in times of disease, 
and in inclement seasons. — Missionary Societies for spreading the 
gospel, in the valley of the Mississippi, have also been, most 
liberally aided by the christian public, in this city. 

MISSIONARY EFFORTS. 

The Churches generally, in this City, have for a long time, 
directed their attention to the formation of Funds, adequate to 
the great object, of spreading the truths of the gospel, into 

distant Continents, Countries, Islands, &.c. And already, 

Missionaries, (ordained in this City) are zealously engaged, in 



174 

India, Java, China, and other distant and benighted lands. At 
this time, the converts are numerous, throughout the world, and 
in their prayers, 

" From many an ancient river, 

" From many a palmy plain, 

" They call us to deliver 

•' Their land from error's chain." 



FRANKLIN LEGACY. 

ONE THOUSAND POUNDS, British Sterling was left, by 
Benjamin Franklin, in his Will, to be loaned, under the di- 
rection of the City Corporation, to such married artificers, under 
the age of twenty-five years, as have served a regular apprentice- 
ship, within the city, and faithfully complied with the condition 
of their Indentures : The sums loaned to one person, not to ex- 
ceed £60, nor under £15; securities to be given for its punctual 
payment of the interest, and one tenth of the principal, annually. 
This fund, on the 31st of December, 1810, amounted to $9,546. 
The capital and interest, accumulating one hundred years, was 
partly to be applied to the purpose of bringing water into the city, 
from Wissahiccon Creek, if not before, introduced. 

Mr. John Robb, who was indebted to an English Charitable 
Institution, for his education, bequeathed to the charitable Insti- 
tutions of Philadelphia, among them, particularly, the PENN 
HOSPITAL; the MAGDALEN SOCIETY, and the DIS- 
PENSARY, besides small sums toothers, the liberal donation of 
^10.3,114 11. 



WEALTH & LIBERALITY. 

The Contributions made by wealthy and public-spirited 
gentlemen, to objects of Benevolence and the general Improve- 



175 

MEXTS of this CrxY, liave been of the most extensive character ; 
among them may he (i)articuhirly) noticed, the bequest of the 
late STEPHEN GlRAllD, those of the late Messrs. Wills, 
Byrcii, and many others. Recently Paul Beck, Esq. has given 
to the Society of Methodists, a brick ("hurch, and lot of ground, 
in Catharine Street, near Sixth. Several wealthy ladies have 
largely contributed, to t!i(! foundations of edifices, for public 
worship; and extensive donations have been made to the executors 
of several wealthy individuals, for the j)urchase of wood, for 
gratuitous distribution among the POOR, and for other benevolent 
purposes. Willia3I Swaim, Esq. has given to the Society of 
Methodists, an eligible lot of ground, in the Western part of the 
City, on which, a new and spacious edifice has recently been 
erected, for public worship. 



PHILADELPHIA L\STITUTE. 

This Institution was established for the Moral, Intellectual, and 
Religious Improvement of Young Men, and has erected a su- 
perior building, for the purpose of LECTURES, &lc. situated 
in Filbert Street, near Eleventh Street. 

Matthew Newkirk, President. 



The Mercantile Library Company, is a useful, and im- 
proving; I]\STITUTIOIV. No. 134 Chcsnut Street. 

Thomas P. Cope, President. 



ATHENLiN INSTITUTE. 

This Association is of recent formation, the object being, to se- 
cure improvement, by Scientific Lectures, adapted to mixed au- 
diences of both sexes. A course of Lectures commences in Nov. 
and is continued throughout the season, until March, on Tuesday 
Evening, of every week. 



176 
FRANKLIN INSTITUTE. 

The City of Philadelphia, and its immediate vicinity, containing a 
large and intelligent coUectio i ofenterpri.-'inff Mechanics, the foundation 
of an Institution, for the encouragement of IMPROVEMENTS in the 
ARTS, is obviously very proper, and well calculated to secure the 
interest of this class of citizens, and add growth to the scientific reputa- 
tion of our country. 

The FRANKLIN INSTITUTE has erected a HALL, in Seventh 
Street, near Chesnut, in which LECTURES, on Chemistry, Natur- 
al Philosophy, Mineralogy, Geology, and various other subjects, are 
given throughout the winter, to large and intelligent audiences, the 
members also hold meetings, for scientific conversations, and for the 
examination of improvements, &ic. 

At stated periods, this Institution holds an extensive EXHIBITION, 
which of late has taken place, in the MASONIC HALL, recently 
purchased by the Institute. The extent and interest of these Exhibi- 
tions, cannot be described, they comprehend Machinery, Inventions, 
Musical Instruments, Curiosities, Chemicals, Pigments, Cloths, Spe- 
cimens of Art, Furnitures, Stoves, Furnaces, Fire Engines, Loco- 
motives, Domestic and Culinary articles, Kitchen Apparatus, Glass, 
and other Manufactures, (fee. and during the continuance of the Exhi- 
bitions, they are the great object of attraction to citizens, as well as 
strangers* 

At the Exhibition in October last, the Masonic Hall was enlarged, 
by a temporary shed, erected in front of the Hall, which, together with 
every room in the building, was completely crowded, during the whole 
period of the Exhibition. 

ICT" A scientific Journal» designed to aid Mechanical Improve- 
ment, and protect the Rights of Mechanics, and also, to disseminate 
the results of experiments, made by the gentlemen belonging to the 
Institute, has been published, for many years. 



177 
WASHINGTON HOUSE. 

AD.T01:MXCJ 1!ic IWASOiMC HALL, Clicsilllt Street, 

P II I L A D E L P II 1 A. 

This is one of the most spacious and elegant HOTELS in the City. 
It has been recently erected, by WILLIAM SWAIM, Esq- and it must 
he a very desirable situation, for private families, visiting the City, 
and a general resort, for fashionable Travellers. It is furnished in llie 
best manner, and its Halls, Saloons, Reading Rooms, 6lc. are elegant- 
ly illuminated, with Gas. 

This Hotel, and other splendid buildings in the City, is an evidence 
of tlie public spirit of the wealthy Proprietor, author of the celebrated 
PANACEA, which is well known, for the remarkable CURES, it 
has performed in America, Europe, and otlier parts of the world. 

This Gentleman has also, evinced his benevolent disposition, by 
pramtbig to the Methodist S >ciety, a large Lot of Ground, for the 
purpose of building a CHURCH, which is valued at Five Thousand 
Dollars : And by distributing his valuable MEDICINES to the POOR, 
Gratis. 

PIHLADELPHIA LIBRARY. 

In 17^1, a number of gonllemen having raised the sum of £100, the 
PHILADEIiPlllA LiniiAllY was commenced, with the intention of 
dissomiiialingknowledi-c, by the aid of BOOKS, taken from the Libra- 
ry Rooms- The earliest importation of liooks, arrived in 1732, and 
the Libriiry was fir.-t opened in Jones's Alley. In 1773 it was trans- 
ferred to Carpenier's Hall ; and in 1790 removed to its present location, 
in Sunih Fifth Street, near Chesnut. Liberal donations were received 
from the govcrnnunl of ttie colony, and a charter was granted in 1742. 

The Literary and IMiilanthropic character of Dr. FRANKLIN was 
apparent, in the regulations and improvement of the Institution, and 
through his example, it has had a decided influence, in creating the 
orderly and inu-Uigenl chiiracler of our population. 

The success of this Library, induced the formation of the Amicable, 
Union, and Association Companies, which were afterwards united to 
V 



178 

the Library Company of Philadelphia, Since that time, the Library 
has continued to increase, by purchases, donations, &;c. The Rev. 

Mr. Preston, of Kent, (England) gave 2,500 Volumes to the Insti- 
tution. 

The LOGANIAN LIBRARY, now under the direction of the Phi- 
ladelpliia Library Company, was instituted by JAMES LOGAN. In 
1791, the last surviving Trustee, presented a Memorial to the Legis- 
lature for its Union, a measure suggested by Dr. Franklin, then recent- 
ly deceased. This accession of 4,000 Volumes, is kept separate from 
the general stock of the Books in the Library. 

The price of the Shares was fixed in 1793, at $40, and the annual 
payment on each share, at $2 ; Recently, the number of shares have 
been increased, and the annual payment raised to $4. The Directors 
and Treasurer are annually elected on the first of May. 

fCj"" The Library Rooms are now opened from two o'clock until 
sun-set, of every day, except Sundays and Holidays. 

EDWARD PENNINGTON, Treasurer. 
JOHN J. SMITH, Jr. Librarian. 

The Philadelphia Library is one of the largest collection of Books in 
the United States, and its value is constantly increasing by new acces- 
sions, and by the growing scarcity of some of the works it contains. — 
This Collection ought to be placed within a structure, both externally 
and internally, fire-proof ; already it has once narrowly escaped, 
destruction by fire. 



DONATIONS TO THE POOR, 

For Piircliasing: \FOOI>. 

This fund, for supplying the necessitous POOR, was commen- 
ced by a liberal donation, from Mr. UICKETS, an English gen- 
tleman, who, about 1790, established a Circus, for equestrian 
performances in this city, having brought with him from London, 
a company of performers, together with many beautiful horses, 
well trained. 



179 

Mr. Rickets was a genteel, and an agreeable companion, and 
he associated with many respectable citizens, among whom, was 
the late distinguished Financier ROBERT MORRIS, Esq. and 
the patronage wliich Mr. Rickets received, enabled him to give 
to the (Jity Corporation, $1,93*2, for the Benefit to the poor. This 
sum has been increased, by a bequest fVoni the the late JOHN 
BLEAKLY, Esq. of £1,000, and by bequest of the lateELIZA- 
BETH KIRKPATRICK, of ^2,278 : These sums have been 
fostered, and at this time produce an annual interest of $485. Inde" 
pendent of the above funds, specific appropriations have been 
made, for the poor: The late STEPHEN GIRARD, in his cele- 
brated WHX, gave to this city in trust, for the benefit of the 
poor (white) house-keepers, $10,000, the interest of which, to be 
annually appropriated, to the purchase of fire-wood, for gratuitous 
distribution, at stated periods, to respectable poor single female 
house-keepers: And the late HENRY PRATT, Esq. in addition 
to large bequests to charitable Institutions, especially those of a 
religious character, he gave also, a handsome donation, to be 
be laid out annually, for WOOD, for the benefit of the POOR. 

The OVERSEERS of the POOR grant assistance of FIRE- 
WOOD, regularly to sick persons of good character, and in sea- 
sons of an inclement character, when commercial and other cir- 
cumstances, are unfavorable to the indgent. Liberal and wealthy 
citizens also,actuated by charitable feelings, subscribe largely, 
for the purchase of fire-wood, and other necessaries, for gratuitous 
distribution. 

SOL^P HOUSES are also established, in various sections of 
the City, from which, a daily supply of snup, in qunntily propor- 
tionate to the size of the families, are daily distributed ; some of 
the most respectable gentlemen of the City, superintend the pre- 
paration of the soup, which, although made plain, is carefully 
prepared, from the best viands and vegetables. 



«(S^.e®^»Jo 



180 
PUNISHMENTS. 

At an early period of the History of Pennsylvania, the pliilan- 
thropic spirit of its FOUNDER, WILLIAM PENN, had turn- 
ed public attention to a melioration of punishments, and the 
sanguinary code, of the mother-country, was modified, on the 
side of mercy. In 17G8, an attempt was made to introduce hard 
labor, as a punishment of criminals, in many otfences, before that 
time, of a capital grade. 

In 1787, Dr. RUSH read a paper, before a Benevolent Society, 
assembled at the house of Dr. FRANKLIN, entitled, "An en- 
quiry into the influence of public executions, on criminals and 
society :" The philanthropic ideas, which he advanced, were 
considered wild and visionary notions. In 17S8, Dr. Rush fol- 
lowing the sugg(!Stion of the celebrated Marquis Beccaria, in a 
treatise on " Crimes and Punishments," again presented the sub- 
ject to public consideration, in a printed form, and even denied 
the right of government, to destroy life, as a punishment: From 
these early endeavors, have arisen the great improvements made 
in our Penitentiary systems, and the certainty of regulated pun- 
ishments seems, so far to promise, much more in the correction 
of crime, than the sanguinary code, of former limes. 



MOYAMENSING PRISON. 

This is a County Prison, situated on the Passaunk road, about 
two miles from the centre of the City, embracing Debtors and 
Criminal apartments. The entire front of the main building is 
erected of Kennobunk granite, a rich material, presenting the 
aspect of the grand, solemn, and solid, as if the structures were 
reared for ages. It is a pure specimen of Gothic Architecture, 
from a design, by our distinguished architect, T. U. WALTER, 
Esq. The debtor's apartment, is a pure specimen of the Egyptian 
style, constructed from the red free-stone, and containing twenty- 
four sleeping rooms, arranged on either side of a hall, running 



181 

the whole length of the structure. Thf. two extensive corridors, 
are constructed of a common species of granite, the two principal 
ones being each 37(5 feet long, in the clear, by "20 wide, and there 
are tiOl cells in each corridor. Another corridor, of lO'i cells, 
is about being completed ; they are three stories high, with an 
area the whole length between. The cells are upon each side, 
the access to which is, by galleries running the whole front on 
the second and third stories. The cells are arched above, and 
perfectly fire-proof; they are eleven feet in length, by nine wide, 
and warmed by a flue from the heating-chambers, which run the 
entire length of each winii, beneath the first story. There is a 
pipe introduced into every cell, which brings water from the 
great basins at Fair Mount : There are also water-tanks, con- 
veying water to every cell, for the purpose of cleansmg daily, and 
a cold air flue, for free ventilation. 

Like the system adopted in the State Prison, (Eastern Peniten- 
tiary) the practice of solitary confinement, with labor, is found 
to be a great improvement. The convicts are taught trades, and 
set at work, each one, in his own cell. Weaving, spinning, and 
shoe-making are most performed. Hand-looms are erected in the 
rooms, at which, almost all the women convicts, and many of 
the males are employed. The raw material (cotton) is purchased, 
and every process necessary, to turn it into cotton fabrics is per- 
formed within the walls of the prison, and the fabrics stand higher 
than any other in tiie market. Some of the superannuated prison 
ers are employed in [)icking wool, in the third story, which is 
manufactured into woollen goods. 

The prisoners are received upon a common level ; but they are 
dealt with, according to their good or bad conduct, afterwards. 
'I'he extreme of punishment is, confinement in a dark cell, on water 
and half a lb. of bread each day. Taking work away from the pi i- 
soners is often a suflicient punishment ; they beg for it again, as 
they have nothing to occupytheir minds in their cells. Solitary 
confinement without labor, pioduces insanity ; but solitary con- 
finement with labor, produces moral reformation. 



182 

An account is opened with every prisoner ; they are stinted with 
a task, and paid foi- what they perform over. 

One person was lately discharged, who had been imprisoned 
twenty-three months, and was paid f lOG 30, for over-woik. 

DC7^ Some idea of the amount of work done in the prison, may 
be formed, from the fact, that the average of cotton fabrics pro- 
duced, is about Five Thousand yards per week. 

— I. T. Bowen's Lithographic Press, 94 Walnut Street. 



ATHENAEUM. 

An association of gentlemen was formed in this City, in 1813, 
for the purpose of forming a READING ROOM, and collecting 
together, the best American and Foreign periodical publications. 
Proposals for an Athenaeum were mnde known in 1814, and a 
Charter was obtained in March, 1815. Stockholders pay 
twenty-five dollars f^r each share, and an annual sum of five 
dollars. Subscribers not share-holders, pay annually, eight dol- 
lars ; subscriptions are also taken, for a term less than one year. 
Stock-holders and subscribers have the priviledge of introducing 
strangers, who have a right to all the advantages of the Institution 
for one month. 

The LIBRARY, in connexion with the Institution, contains 
nearly Ten Thousand Volumes, and a large collection of News- 
papers, from various parts of the United States, and other parts 
of the world. The late Dr. WILLIAM LEHMAN gave TEN 
TH'>USAND DOLLARS, for the purpose of erecting a suitable 
bui'ding, for the accommodation of the Institution, at present 
located in a part of the Hall of the Phiiophical Society, in Fifth 
Street, near Chesnut. SAMUEL BIIECK, Esq. has presented 
to this Institution, eight hundred and sixty-three volumes of choice 
Books, in various languages. 

The Athenaeum Rooms are open Daily (excepting on the Sab- 



183 

bath) until 10, P. .M- Tlie Books, *fec. are immediately accessi- 
ble to those \vho are entitled to visit the Rooms. 

PJiTER S. DUPONCEAU, L. L. D. President. 

JOHN VAUGHN, Vice President. 

QUINTIN CAMPBELL, Treasurer. 

WILLIAM M'lLHENNEY, Secretary. 

nCF" ^Ve hope the time is not far distant, when the Building- 
Funds of this Institution, will enable the Stock-holders to secure 
their valuable Collection, in an ornamental building, externally 
and internally, Fire-proof. 



GERMANTOWN & FllANKFORD. 

These villages are situated nearly equi-distant from Philadelphia, 
the former on the north, and the latter on the north-east, and are 
both accessible in less than half an hour, by rail-roads, which con- 
veyances, depart (at stated times,) every day ; also stages 
depart regularly to the former, and an omnibus to the latter. — 
These villages have become greatly improved, within a short 
time, having become the resorts of many citizens, as summer 
residences ; the building sites have been eagerly secured, and in 
a short time these pleasant villages will present an elegance in 
their dwellings and public edifices, corresponding with their ad- 
vantageous locations for health. The character of the society, 
and the advantages resulting from superior SCHOOLS, will 
secure these desirable situations, increasing in favor, with 
those who desire all the beauties of the country, within an easy 
and cheap communication with the city. 

At Germantown, the Hi o[It field Cocoonery, a building, 120 feet 
by 34 has been erected, in which, over one million, five hundred 
thousand silk-worms are at this time feeding, and in the grounds 
connected with it are, in vigorous condition, over four hundred 



184 

thousand Morus Multicaulis Trees, the whole belonging to our 
spirited and enterprizing citizen, Philip Physic, Esq. 

Holmesburg, Bustleton, Jenkintovvn, and Abbington, are de- 
sirable country villages, within an easy (Daily) communication 
•with the city ; they are much resorted to, as pleasant and healthy 
residences, in the warm seasons of the year. 



ST. JOHNS' CHURCH. 

This splendid edifice is situated upon Thirteenth Street, be- 
tween Chesnut and Market. It is one of the finest specimens of 
Gothic architecture in the city. It is built in imitation of marble. 
The interior is decorated with some fine Scripture paintings, by 
Monachesi, and over head dependent, from the opposite sides, 
are representations of the Angels' proclaiming the glad tidings of 
eternal truth. The altar is one of great magnificence, having 
been recently brought to this country, from Rome. When lighted 
up, so rich are the appendages, that it presents to the eye, the 
splended appearance of solid gold. 

The sanctuary is very capacious and beautiful, occupying the 
entire front, facing the audience. It is enclosed with a magnifi- 
cent railing, running the entire length of the sanctuary. Behind 
the altar is a fine painting, in fresco, occupying the entire niche, 
representing the opening of " Seven Seals " Either side of the 
sanctuary are also decorated, witli appropriate Scripture paint- 
ings. On the right and left are entrances, for the bishops, priests, 
and others, who administer the services of the sanctuar}'. The 
Rostrum is constructed upon wheels, and is placed in front of the 
audience, immediately preceding the entrance of the preacher. 

In the front of the organ, there is a large and beautiful paint- 
ing, by Otis, being a copy from West's celebrated painting of 
** Christ Healing, in the Temple." 

The Gothic windows of this Church, present a solemn scene. 



185 

when the wax candles arc shining, as they are, of (variegated) 
stained glass, of every hue and color imaginable. There is con- 
nected with the Church, a good School, and an Orphans' Asy- 
lum, kept in the Gothic Mansion, on Chesnut Street. 

This beautiful Church is one of the most splendid in the country. 
It will probably contain about 2,000 persons, and is generally, 
filled four times every Sabbath. It cost over 70,000 dollars. 

1. T. Bowcn's Litliograpliic Press, 94 Walnut St 



DISPENSATORIES, 

Have been established in the City and surrounding Districts, 
from which, the diseased Poor obtains a gratuitous supply of 
medicine, and the attention of competent physicians. These 
benevolent Institutions have permanent funds applied to their sup- 
port, and are otherwise generously upheld, by the philanthropic 
portion of our citizens. 

A DISPENSATORY has also been established, by the liberal 
Professors of " JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE," which, 
unites medical instruction with the gratuitous dispensation of the 
necessary medicines, employed in the cure of the great variety 
of diseases, presented in its extensive field of action. 
-^©e •"•-•^ — 03a- 

BURLINGTON, (N. J.) & its Vicinity. 

The recent establishments of the "BURLINGTON SILK 
COMPANY," with the cultivation of the MORUS, have given a 
spirit to the I.MrRovE.MEXTS of that place, such as perhaps, it never 
before, has experienced. The success of the progress in the Silk 
Business, promises to add wealth, industry, and happiness, to 
the inhabitants of that beautiful City, and vicinity. 

Several millions of Mulberry-Trees and Silk-worms are in a 
thriving condition there, and in its neighborhood, and suitable 
buildings have already been commenced in that city, for FEED- 
ING the WORMS, for the manufacturing of SILK, and va- 
rious fabrics. 

W 



186 

The very great IMPROVEMENT that has been made in this 
City within the last few years, in the Art of Engraving on Wood, 
has caused it to be employed as a mode of illustrating works of 
different kinds, including those of the most splendid description. 

Independent of its being made capable of producing the most 
effective and highly finished pictures, the immense number of im- 
pressions they will yield, and the fact that they can be printed 
with the letter-press, is a still farther recommendation. 

The View of the LAUNCH of the SHIP (of the line) " PENN- 
SYLVANIA," (page 138,) included among the embellishments 
of this work, was engraved by Mr. R. S. GILBERT, of this 
City, whose success in producing perfect specimens, is sufficient 
evidence of his advancement, in this branch of the Fine Arts. 



PUBLIC SQUARES. 

In our notice of the State House, some remarks were made, in 
relation to " Independence Square." This spot is cherished, on 
account of its name, and the imperishable " DECLARATION," 
first made, within its limits. The aged trees, within its enclosure, 
have been carefully preserved ; — the ground laid out in gravel 
walks, and the whole ornamented with young and vigorous trees, 
introduced to secure ample shade, and present an agreeable com. 
bination of foliage. 

WASHINGTON SQUARE, 

Lies immediately Southwest of INDEPENDENCE SQUARE, 
having Sixth Street on its east side, and Walnut Street on its 
north side. This Square is entirely surrounded with a tall iron- 
railiag, resting on heavy blocks of granite, and has principal 
entrances at each corner, through heavy iron gates, supported 



187 

by large blocks of marble. The Square can also be entered, by 
small gales on either of its four sides : It was at one time formerly, 
a sacred depository of the dead, and is now, one of the most orna- 
mental spots in the City; — its walks, trees, shrubbery, &c. 
all preserved in high order, cannot fail to produce a most 
agreeable impression, especially in the summer and autumn. In 
the centre of this square, the foundation of a MONUMENT, in 
honorofthe" FATHER of his COUNTRY" was laid, on the 
22d of February, 1833. This important structure should not, 
be suffered to languish, especially as Funds have already been 
secured, to commence the Monument. Philadelphia, in which, 
WASHINGTON lived so many years, an ornament to the City, 
and whose principal acts, constituting him the first man, of all 
times, were here performed, and should never rest, until an en- 
during Monument of her gratitude, is erected. 

FRANKLIN SUUARE, 

Facing on Race Street, on the South, and on Sixth Street, on 
the East, is surrounded by an iron fence, supported on dark grey 
granite : — It is ornamented with gravel walks, mounds, trees, and 
shrubbery. — In its centre, is a splendid marble FOUNTAIN, 
with forty Jets of Water, surrounded with a beautiful (circular) 
iron railing, which has a most agreeable effect, in its appear- 
ance, to thousands of the citizens and strangers, who resort there, 
for health and pleasure, during the warm season. 

PENN SaUARE, 

Occupying the Site of the old water works, at the junction 
of Broad and Market Streets, has been recently placed in a con- 
dition to become ornamental, as soon as the young trees within 
its enclosure, have attained sufficient growth. 

In these Squares, Gas has been introduced, from the City Gas 
Works, and persons are provided, to secure good order, and 
preserve the public property. 

RITTENHOUSE SQUARE, 

Is situated in the South-western Section of the City, and 



188 

LOGAN SQUARE, in the North-western Section. These will 
become ornamental, when their immediate neighborhoods become 
more settled. 



THE HOUSE OF REFUGE. 

This Benevolent Institution should not escape notice. Here, 
the early effects of neglect, in instruction and morals, are 
corrected, and the first indications of juvenile dereliction, are 
punished with leniency, corresponding to the age and the crime 
of the subject. It is almost impossible, to estimate the great 
good, which has already resulted, and which will continue to 
flow, from this truly Benevolent Institution. During their resi- 
dence there, the children of different ages and sexes, are taught 
the rudiments of an English education, and generally, at the time 
of their discharge, are sufficiently well qualified for the transac- 
tion of all the ordinary business of life. The boys are employed a 
certain number of hours during the day, upon such work as suits 
their several capacities and strength, whilst the girls are taught 
all the requisites which are necessary, to make them thoroughly 
acquainted with the business of housc-wifery. Each inmate 
occupies a separate lodging apartment, in order to prevent the 
contaminations resulting from mixing adroit, with juvenile offend- 
ers, and to enable them, in loneliness, to reflect upon the moral 
instructions, which it is the principal object of the Institution to 
inculcate. During their residence here, which is at the will of 
their parents or guardians, in order to secure the advantage of 
education, hours are set apart, when the usual business of the 
house is suspended. The whole efforts of the benevolent individu- 
als, who patronise this laudable Institution, among whom are 
many ladies, as well also, as that of the Matron, and other 
worthy officers, is to destroy the effects of erroneous associations, 
and to leave a lasting impression of the superiority of Virtue, 
especially when secured, by the proper influence of Religion. 



189 

3IARKET HOUSRS, &c. 

When the City was first settled, the Market was confined to 
Front and High Streets, the site of the present Fish Market. Af- 
wards, the Market Houses were extended in Iliijh Street to Fourth 
Street, and within a few years, continued to Eighth Street, their 
present extent, on the Eastern Section of High Street. 




In 1836, tlie " Cohnnbia Rail Road" having been extended, 
from Broad Street, through High Street to Dock Street, the old 
Market Houses, and the ancient Coui t House, at the corner of 
Second and High Streets were lemoved, to give place to the 
light and airy structures, at present in use, and to secure more 
room for the fice passage of the rail road. 

An ample Market has been constructed, in Second Street, be- 
tween Pine and Cedar Streets : — This has been recently widened, 
and for its length, presents more accommodation, than any one in 
the City. 

West oi Broad Street, Market Houses extend in High Street, 
for several Scjuares. In Callowhill Street, Markets extend from 
Fourth to Eighth Street. In Spring Garden Street, ample pro- 
vision has been made, for an extensive range of Markets, from 
Sixth Street, toward Schuylkill, and several squares of Market 
Houses have been erected. This w ide and elegant avenue w ill 
in time, become highly ornamental, to the improved District 
of Spring Garden. A range of INIarkct Houses extend in North 
Second Street, from Coates' Street to Poplar Lane. Market 
Houses have been erected in East and West Kensington, and in 



190 

Southwark. An extensive range of Markets have been erected 
in Shippen Street, which has been amply widened for tlie purpose, 
from Third to Fifth Streets. In the South-eastern part of South- 
wark, a small Market House, known as the " Wharton Market," 
has been erected : And another, near Eighth Street, below Fitz- 

water Street. 

WILLIAM PENN MARKET. 

An Act of Incorporation has been obtained, for the erection of 
a Market, between Spruce and Pine Streets, on the site, now 
known as " Portland Lane," Elizabeth Street and Middle Alley, 
between Sixth and Seventh Streets. 

Provisions, Vcgretables, Fruits, and Market Days. 

The Philadelphia Markets present an ample supply of all kinds 
of meats, poultry, birds, wild-fowl, fish, lobsters, crabs, oysters, 
and in the winter season, an abundance of venison, &c. The 
supply of vegetables, peaches, apples, cherries, and every other 
kind of fruit, is equally abundant. The Markets are supplied 
every day of the week, except the Sabbath ; but Wednesdays, 
and Saturdays are established, as especial Market-Days, on 
which occasions the supplies, particularly after mid-summer, afford 
a most gratifying spectacle to those who delight in the bounties 
of nature. On these days, the Market Houses are filled, and the 
Streets leading to and from the Markets, seem almost to groan, 
with the loaded baskets, piled in every direction. Ranges of 
waggons extend through Second and Market Streets, for more 
than three miles. Inspectors of weights, superintend the Market, 
whose duty it is also to see, that wholesome provisions are exposed 
for sale, and the laws against huckstering, establish severe penal- 
ties for forestalling. 

Xy The Markets within the limits of the City, produce an 
income of $35, 198 56, derived from 307 butchers; 651 farmers, 
and 92 dealer's stalls ; 123 vegetable, 52 fish-market, 195 inter- 
section, and 12 fish-waggon stands. 



101 




RAIL ROADS, LOCOMOTIVES, &c. 

Philadelphia is daily becoming of more importance, from the 
facilities aftbrded by the RAIL ROADS which surround her, in 
every direction. On the South, a chain of rail roads extend 
through Baltimore to Washinglon— and thence onward, to the 
Southern States; — and at Baltimore, the Baltimore and Ohio 
Rail Road already completed, as far as Harper's Ferry, on the 
Potomac, opens a passage to the Ohio River, at Wheeling. 

On the West, the Columbia Rail Road, in connexion with 
Canal and River Navigation, presents an easy means of commu- 
nication with the Western Waters, and the growing States, on 
their borders. 

The Reading Rail Road, Gcrmantown, Manayunk, and Nor- 
ristown Rail Roads, on the North-west, open easy communica- 
tions with the interior of this great and growing State, and in 
connexion with the Schuylkill Navigation, are capable of develop- 
ing the vast treasures of the State, by bringing to a ready market, 
her Mineral Coal, Marble, Lime, Lime-Stone, &c. and also, her 
extensive agricultural products. 

On the North-cast, the Trenton Rail Road, connected with 
others, terminating near New York. The Camden & Amboy 
Rail Road, open easy and speedy modes of communication 
with New York, and all her vast internal and external Naviga- 
tion, and commence a chain of communication, which, in a few 
years Avill be without interruption, even to the confines of the 
Slate of Maine. 

On the South-east, the Wilmington and Woodbury Rail Roads 



192 



present easy conveyances, for the proclucts of Delaware, and the 
lower part of New Jersey. 




In a National point of View, the HAIL ROADS are of the 
greatest importance : — Troops, Ordinance, Military Stores, &c. 
can be concentrated at any given spot, with astonishing facility, 
and the powerful military arm of Pennsylvania, could be brought 
into such efficient action, that no intelligent foreign power, would 
ever doom an army to certain destruction, by an attempted inva- 
sion. 




LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES. 



No higher Compliment, to the SKILL of the MECHANICS 
of Philadelphia could be paid, than that which has been given, 
by Foreign Rail Road Companies. Locomotive Engines, manu- 
factured by Mr. NORRIS, of this City, are now in use, on the 
English, Austrian, and other European RAIL ROADS, and 
the power and speed of our Locomotives, as well as the simplicity 
and beauty of their construction, excites general admiration 



193 

The YOUNG I»IEN'S RELIOIOrs Jk LITERARY ASSO- 
CIATION, or PIIIEADELPniA. 

This laudable INSTITUTION was formed, August 2Gth, 1839. 
In accordance with the expressed wish, to unite the Pious Young 
Men of this City, into an Association, in order to facilitate the 
great operations of Christian Benevolence, by an unanimity of 
action, the Young Men respectfully submit the following 

PREAMBLE : 

Believing, that a concert of action, among the Young Men, 
Members of the different evangelical Churches in this City, would 
greatly aid the promotion of RELIGIOUS and BENEVOLENT 
operations, and that, our own sphere of individual usefulness, 
would be greatly advanced, by devoting a portion of time, to in- 
tellectual cultivation, we hereby associate ourselves together, for 
the purposes above expressed. 




CONSTITUTIONAL CELEI5RAT10N. 

After the adoption of the FEDERAL CONSTITUTION, by 
TEN of the (then Xill) UNITED STATES, the Citizens of 
Philadelphia having been eye-witnesses, of the Putrioti.-ni, and 
Heroic Efforts of the FOUNDERS of the REPUBLIC, and hav- 
ing largely shared in the Events of the REVOLUTIONARY 
WAR, were anxious to manifest their joy, on the adoption of 
the MAGNA CIIARTA of American Liberty. On the Fourth 
of July, 1788, the most splendid Procession occui red at Philadel- 
phia, that this country has as yet. e\er seen. 
X 



194 

The Officers of the State Government, the MiHtary, Merchants^, 
Ship-Masters, Mechanics of all kinds, Artizans, Clergymen, Sea- 
men, Students, Foreign Ministers, Consuls, and Citizens general- 
ly, formed a line, in Third Street, thence proceeding through the 
most public streets, to the vicinity of Bush Hill, where an ORA- 
TION was delivered, from a Temple, which formed one of the 
Ornaments of the Procession. The Delaware River was crowded 
with ships, dressed with FLAGS of all nations, and ten were es- 
pecially designated, to HONOR the TEN adopting States. 

Salutes were fired from these ships, at sun-rise, noon, and at 
sun-set ; and the merry bells of Christ's Church, sounded at inter- 
vals, peals of joy, and loud huzzas. The description of this grand 
PROCESSION, occupied nearly an entire newspaper, which, 
although extremely interesting, is too lengthy to be introduced 
entire, in this Volume. 



VALUE OF CITY PROPERTY, 

EXPENDITURES, EOANS, Ac. 

Assessed Value of Real Estate in the City of PHILADELPHIA, 

for the Year 1838. .... $30,323,000. 

Deduct Girard Property, owned by the City, - - 633,000. 

$-29,690,000. 
City Tax, on $29,690,000, at 85 c. per $100, - 252,365 
Personal Taxes, 6198 92 



Total Taxes, 1838, - - $258,563 92 



CITY EXPENDITUKES, dwriais: i§3§. 

Watering Committee, . - $50,642 29. 
Committee on Finance, - - 29,418 96. 

on Police, - - 93,988 36. 

on Highways, - 39,401 39. 

on Cleansing, - - 30,890 03. 

on City Property, $40,614 10. - - g284,955 13 



195 

The City Debt is about Tu)o Millions and a Half of Dollars. 

The real Value of Property in the City of Philadelphia, may be 
estimated at about Eighty-Six Millions of Dollars. 

The City Property, including the Stalls in the Markets, the 
Wharves, Tobacco Ware-houses, &c. produce an income, for 
1839, of Sixty-Six Thousand, Four Hundred and Fifty-Six 
Dollars. 

IMPROVExlIEXTS of the DISTRICTS, and COUx\T¥, 

Ami LOANS. 

The extensive IMPROVEMENTS in the surrounding Districts, 
widening the principal Streets, and extending Roads, erecting 
Bridges, &,c. has rendered it necessary to establish a large amount 
of Public Stocks, to accomplish these objects of public utility. 
The Loans of the Northern Liberties, Spring Garden, Southwark, 
Moyamcnsing, and other incorporated portions of the County, for 
which, each Corporation is liable, for the sums issued by their 
authority, and the Loans and liabilities of the County, for which 
all the Districts, as well as the City of Philadelphia, are liable, 
amount to about Four Millions of Dollars, which, added to 
the special Debt of the City, forms an aggregate, of between Six 
and Seven Millions of Dollars. 

CELEBRATION OF WASHINGTON S 
CENTENNIAL BIllTII-DAY. 

On the 22d of February. 183-2. ONE HUNDRED YEARS 

having elapsed since the BIRTH of (the illustrious) GEORGE 
WASHINGTON, and the recollection of his unparalleled 
Services to his Country, being fresh in the Memory of the 
Citizens of Philadelphia, a Grand Procession, in honor of the 
Day took place, in which every person, impressed with a just 
estimation of his character, participated. Business was sue^pend- 
cd, during the hours of the parade, and the Military, the Fire 



196 

Department, the different Mechanical and Benevolent Associa- 
tions, Sea-men, Masters of vessels, Artizans, &c. &c. seemed 
to vie with each other, in forming an impressive spectacle. 



PHILADELPHIA MUSEUM. 

This extensive Collection of Natural and Artificial CURIOSI- 
TIES, was commenced in 1784, by the late Mr. CHARLES 
WILSON PEALE, and was originally contained in a frame 
building, annexed to his dwelling-house, in Lombard Street ; after- 
wards it was removed to the Old State House ; — from thence, 
transferred to the Rooms over the ARCADE ; and recently 
placed in the extensive and elegant building, erected by the Com- 
pany, which now have it under their control, purposely erected 
for the Museum, in South Ninth Street, at the corner of George 
Street. 

This Collection embraces Portraits of many revolutionary and 
scientific characters, and also contains, an invaluable SKELE- 
TON of the American MAMMOTH, with a great variety of 
Specimensof prepared Animals, Fishes, &;c. too numerous to be 
here particularized. 

It is an object of great Public Attraction, and together with 
the splendid CHINESE COLLECTION, contained in the same 
Building, will re-pay those, who may devote a few hours, to 
their inspection. 

NATHAN DUNN, President, 

" Philadelphia Museum Company." 



'¥^mi<Ml 



197 

IViiuibci' of CHURCHES of various Denominations, in 
the CITY & DISTRICTS of PHILADELPHIA. 

Presbyterians, 24 

Reformed do 3 

Associate do 2 

German Lutherans, 2 

English Evangelical Lutherans 2 

Moravians, 1 

German Reformed, 3 

Dutch Reformed, 2 

Independent Society, 

Congreo;ational, 

Swedenborgian, 

Philadelphia Christians, 

Bible Christians, 

United States Naval Asylum, 

Protestant Episcopalians, 19 

Reformed, .... do , 

Roman Catholics, 

Episcopal Methodists, 19 

Protestant. . . .do 4 

Color'd Methodists, 4 

Baptists, 17 

English German Baptists, 1 

Congregational Unitarians, 1 

Jews' Portuguese Synagogue, I 

Universalists, 2 

JNIariners, 1 

Friends, 3 

Orthodox Friends, 4 

Free Quakers, 1 

Christian Society, 1 

In addition to the above, it should be stated, that 24 minis- 
ters of the gospel are residents in this city, \vilhout any special 
Pastoral charge : And ihat there are. Eight Depositories of Theo- 
logical Literature. 



198 
ECCLESIASTICAL DIRECTORY. 

The Rev. THOMAS PORTER, of this City, has just pub- 
lished, and has now for Sale, at his dwelHng house, 520 South 
Front St. an interesting and useful Ecclesiastical Directory, 
of great accuracy, containing a list of the names and residences 
of the Pastors, locations of Churches, of the different denomina- 
tions, hours of Divine Worship, &;c. in this city. 

SOUTHWARK INSTITUTE. 

Volunteer LECTURES are given at this Institute, every 
Thursday Evening, from November to March ; — and DEBATES 
are held, on every Friday Evening. 

William S. Price, President. 
William H. Main, Vice President. 
John R. Orr, Secretary. 
Samuel E. Crap, Librarian. 
Benjamin Lyndall, Treasurer. 



SOUTHWARK LIBRARY. 

This INSTITUTION is located in South Second Street, below 
Shippen Street, and is in a flourishing condition : It contains over 
4,000 Volumes, of well selected WORKS, which are eagerly 
sought, by the intelligent inhabitants of that District. 

FRANKLIN DEBATING SOCIETY. 

Tlie object of this Society is to accustom the Members, to the Forms and Duties of 
PUBLIC ASSEMBLIES. It is obvious, that Societies of this character, wlien 
confined to IMPROVEMENT IN KNOWLEDGE, must exercise a salutary in- 
fluence over the JUVENILE portions of the commimity. 

SAMUEL P. RUTTER, President. 

JOHN G. HOUARD, Vice President. 

W. A. SMITH, Jr. Secretary. 

BENJAMIN HUCKEL, Treasurer. 



199 
THE CONCLUSION. 

Reader, 

Didst thou ever travel ? If so, then thou hast probably known, 
the pleasure to be enjoyed, in the companionship of a fellow-travel- 
ler, with whom thou couldst interchange those ideas suggested, 
by the various objects, new, curious, and interesting, that pre- 
sented themselves on the way, and can therefore, appreciate the 
gratification I have ex[)ericnccd, in nearly One Year's Journey, 
through the principal labor in printing this Book : But, my 
journey is now drawing to a close ; — and as the traveller re- 
luctantly, parts with a companion, with whom for a time, he 
has held agreeable converse, and would almost continue his tour, 
notwithstanding his fatigue, and anxious desire, to " Rest from 
his Labors." So I, as I approach the place where, / must PART 
with thee, gentle reader, nor no longer indulge the garrulity of 
" Four Score," feel more regret than joy ;— for although, I may 
have failed to interest thee, I have amused myself, and found 
some part of the time, very pleasant. 

I have endeavored as we have passed along, to show thee many 
things, " curious, useful, and entertaining," in and about the 
" City of Brotherly J^ove," and its physical, moral, and religious 
condition : And although doubtless, much has escaped my obser- 
vation. If I have committed errrors, or passed by, what I should 
have noticed, please to forgive, and remember, that one who has 
numbered " SEVENTY-NINE WINTERS," has not the un- 
clouded eye, nor the clastic vigor, of middle age. What he has 
left undone, will doubtless, call into the field (in some future day) 
an abler pen. If he has accomplished any good, he feels satisfied, 
that his time and labor, has not been uselessly employed. 

The Readep of this Volume will no doubt notice, that those sub- 
jects which are of a Military character, at the commencement 
of this Book, or have reference to the Revolution, or to General 
Washington, have been dwelt upon with great satisfaction, to 
the Publisher hereof: Perhaps this may be accounted for, by his 



200 

early associations, having enrolled himself as a volunteer in a 
Company of" Life Guards" to General SULLIVAN, during the 
Campaign on Rhode Island, in 1776 : He also, served on board 
the ship Washington, of 20 guns, commanded by Silas Talbot, 
which vv^as captured, by the London, of 100 guns, and the Cul- 
loden, 74 guns, British ships of War. 

The events of the American Revolution inspired him with a 
warm admiration, for an effective Military, to support the many 
achievements of those times, which " Tried Men's Souls," and im- 
pressed his mind, with an admiration for General WASHING- 
TON, that only Death can extinguish ! 

TCP The time consumed, since the commencement of this work, 
has resulted, from the difficulty of bringing together authentic 
accounts of the numerous subjects which it contains, and from the 
(almost) unparalleled circumstance, of the whole labor of the 
composition, distribution, and correction, of the TYPES, &c. 
being performed by the publisher himself, who is now, in the 
LXXXth year of his age. 

To those gentlemen, who have kindly aided him, by the loan 
of Engravings, and otherwise patronized his arduous undertaking, 
he tenders his sincere thanks ; and in parting with them, and 
with his indulgent Readers, as he now does, and SOON MUST 
DO, to all earthly Objects, he affectionately adds, " ACCEPT 
THE BLESSING OF AN OLD MAN." 

DANIEL BO WEN. 

Philadelphia, September 24, 1839. 



^^ 



It? With a desire not to omit any thing worthy of note, connrctrd tnilh I'hiln. 
delphia, the following ARTICLES were not discovered in time to have them in- 
serted in the regular place, and jcill not be found, therejore, in the tahle of Con- 
tents. 

DR. DAVID RITTENHOUSE. 

THIS distinguished Astronomer and Philosopher, was a native of Pennsylvania, 
and for a long time a resident of tliis City. In early life he blended the piirsuita 
of Science with the active employments of a Farmer, and Clock and Watch-Makcr. 
In 1769, he united with several Members of the " American Philosophical Society," 
by invitation from tliat Body, and he, on that occasion, distinguished himself, by 
his ASTRONOMICAL CALCULATIONS, and by the comprehension of his 
mind. He succeeded Dr. FRANKLIN, as President of tlie " American Philo- 
sophical Society." He espoused the cause of American INDEPENDENCE. He 
discharged the duties of TREASURER of Pennsylvania, and DIRECTOR of 
the NATIONAL MINT, as well as his other public and private Duties, with 
entire satisfaction. He DIED, in the 64th Year of his Age, universally lamented. 

Doctor RITTENHOUSE was eminently conspicuous in all his Mechanical 
Efforts. He produced several beautiful Time-Pieces, containing the Machinery 
of a 3Iusical Clock, with a miniature Planetarium. 

THE RITTENHOUSE ASTROlVOilIICAE CEOCK. 

This CLOCK is on an enlarged scale, containing Six Dials, one above the 
others, showing the Motions of all the Planets, — one in the centre, showing the 
Seconds, Minutes, Hours, Days of the Month, and Age of the Moon, — and one i n 
each corner, showing the Phases of the Moon, — the Sun slow, and fast, and the 
position of the Orbit of the Earth. 

This great Philosophical Curiosity was made for the late Mr. JossrH Potts, who 
paid Six Hundred and Forty Dollars for it. In 1774, it was purclia.sed by the 
late Mr. THOMAS PRIOR, of whom General HOWE was anxious to purchase 
it, he having oflcrcd One Hundred and Twenty Guineas for it, wliilc tlie British 
were in imsseseion of this City. TJic Ambassador of the Spanish Court, otT'-red 
Mr. PRIOR Eight Hundred Dollars for it, whicii iic intended as a present, to 
tlie King of Spain. 

After Mr. Prior's death, this valuable Clock passed into (he hands of the 
late Professor BARTON, and aflcr remaining for a long time, almost neglected, it 
was recently purchased by Dr. JAMES SWAIM, a gentleman of this City, who, 
we arc gratified to learn, places a just estimate on this superior evidence of Ame 
rican Science and Skill. 



BOARD OF HEALTH. 

Previous to 1793, the year of that distressing Epidemic the YELLOW FEVER, 
few restrictions existed to guard the City against the introduction of disease ; Since 
then, a vigilant BOARD OF HEALTH has been in constant, and successful 
action. This Body is constituted by the several Authorities, of the Councils of the 
City and Commissioners, of the surrounding Districts, with power to regulate 
the detention of Vessels, infected with contageous Disease, at the quarantine an- 
chorage, until proper means of purification have been instituted. This salutary 
Institution is under the guidance of some of our most distinguished Physicians, and 
eminent Inhabitants, selected from the City and Districts. 

THE GAS WORKS. 

Preparatory to the introduction of the GAS, the City commissioned a distin- 
guished and scientific ^lECHANIC to visit foreign Cities, in order to ascertain 
all the recent IMPROVEMENTS, for the purpose of introducing that brilliant 
mode of LIGHTING the City, in the most perfect manner. After the requisite 
information was obtained, the City Authorities, (about five years since) authorised 
a Company, to undertake the enterprise, which was forthwith commenced, and 
within one Year, many of the Streets, Public Buildings, and private Residences, 
were supplied with the Gas : Since that time, the Gas has been introduced into 
almost all of our Public Streets, many Public Buildings, Churches, Stores, and 
private Residences ; — and so complete were all the arrangements organized, 
that accidents and failures have been almost entirely avoided. 

The City Gas Works are established in the Western part of the City, near the 
permanent Bridge, and about one Square North of Md.ket Street, In the Northern 
Liberties, a GAS Establishment has been erected ; — its location is such, that East 
and W^est-Kensington can be readily supplied from it ;-— tlie arrangements having 
been made, on a large and very expensive Scale, by a Company of enterprising and 
wealthy gentlemen. 



PAVEMENTS OF WOOD, &c. 

This City has been generally paved with Stone ; recently, however, square 

Blocks of Granite have been introduced on trial, and some Squares have been 
paved with a Broad Wheel-way for Carriages. Very recently, WOODEN PAVE- 
MENTS have been introduced into several Streets on trial, and as yet, this mode 
of paving is decidedly, the most pleasant, and popular. ASPHALTUM has been 
partially employed, for a pavement on side-walks, and in the portico of the Exchange. 



MANUFACTURES, SHOT-TOWERS, &c. 

No City in the United States includes within the limits of its Districts, such 
arrangements for Manufactures, in all the Metals, — Carriages, Harness, Fringes, 

Castings, Musical Instruments, Furniture of all kinds, Plain and Ornamental 

Plate, Djnng and Coloring, Weaving, — Painted Carpets, Floor-Cloths, &c. Two 
Towers have been erected, for the fabrication of Patent SHOT, one in the 
Western Section of Philadelphia, and another in the South-eastern Section of the 
City. 



:«::!JEjmjcas:; 



or 



AND 



©vumncntal itijpcs, 

Referred to, on. Page 123 of this Tforh. 



-M-'^^WW^/ 



03^ We have procured the Specimens on the following Pages, 
which, though few in number, will be sufficient to show the va- 
riety of colors applicable to Letter-Press Printing, already 
noticed in this Work. The innumerable shapes and forms of the 
Letters of the Alphabet now in use, precluded the practicability 
of giving a specimen of all: a few, however, will answer the 
purpose, to show, by way of Contrast, the difference between 
tlie finished work of the present time, and the style in use, twenty 
years ago. Our object also will be seen in stating, that a re- 
duction in the cost of Ornamejital Printing;, to be used on 
manufactured Goiids, such as labels, directions, «&c. has arisen 
from the effect of Stereotyping, combined with Type-Making and 
Engraving, calculated to be used by the common type printing 
press, and from the facility, and small cost of Plates being multi- 
plied from the original Engraving, printing is now produced, at 
less than one half the expense, of what it formerly was charged : 
From this fact, a number of persons gain employment, which, 
were it otherwise, might be frequently unemployed. 

There is now, scarcely any Goods neatly prepared for Sale, 
that does not show some Sample of the Typographic Art. 



■% 



Ill 111 lilli III 



TRANQUILITY AGAIN RESTORED. 






)r 



fi 



-^ 



mmmuimmm 






-^v 



-► ^^o ( * < «-< 



^mm ^i^"?? Q)W 




i^^ 







^f gic^onnit^ (^fo^<^$ io ottt own ^offt). 



Thongrh now a common Disease, was 

BEFORE THE DECLARATION OF OUR INDEPENDENCE. 
ARE NEARLY EQUAL TO STRONG BROWN PAPER, 



^m^m^-^ 



QJF PA^PJlJQjNjA\®lLEj YQjUjNjGj GlEiNjtlLEjMjEjNj,^ A\HDj aQ)A\T/SJ,^ 



^ 



LACES AND GAUZES, 

INSTEAD OF COMFORTABLE WARM CLOTHING, 
Are helps to lengthen the Apothecary's Bill. 



■S^f^ 



.vl .'. tv 

# •'..'■♦.'■ 



y,\ •:■ (.■,- 



y* 



<rt 



^' 



i'- 



' ' ' ■ i-'.\ 



WMJ.. H, liQNJIS & &»<&« 

WHOLESALE & RETAIL pr 

No. 15 IVorth Second Street, 

Where inuy be found a very largo assortment of Auction Goods, 
at reasonable prices, 

JUSTUS P. JONES & GO'S. 
DRY GOODS STORE, 

<j/fo. i1 QrCoxkyi o /ccoad cT/ttccfc, 

PHILADELPHIA. 
AVholesalc & Retail 

'fannj.^..' Staple DvnCBoobs Stored 

NO. 9 NORTH SECOND ST. 



'^>!l- 



PI>3Qa.AS)S!!^.n]0^a 



'^^J 






^\ 



^^'^m 



^^^ 



t- u.l^^J I 




© 






For Rail Roads, Steam Boats, and Stages. 
OF EVERY SHAPE & SIZE, PLAIN OR COLOURED. 

For Merchants, Store-keepers, and business people generally. 

FUNERAL NOTICES 

Neatly executed, without delay. 

For Manufacturers, Hardware Mcreliants, Saddlers, Trunk and Whip 
Makers, Druggists, and Box Alakers. 

AT YOUi\G'S PROTIil^G OFFICE, 

No. 3 Black Horse Alley, off South Seco7id St. 

Between Market and Chosnut, 



i»?554J 






Ui 



4 



u£M 



m 



